ملخص البحث :

ABSTRACT. Geotechnical engineers are currently confronted with the challenge of identifying innovative and efficient approaches to increase bearing capacity and minimize foundation settling. As a result, the skirt is regarded as one technique for enhancing the shallow foundation's carrying capability on various soil types. The skirt work mechanism involves the confining of soil beneath the foundation, resulting in a reduction of settling for the foundation. Soil engineers have endeavored to develop this approach as a substitute for pile foundations in normal structures. These foundations exhibit versatility in their applicability, as they may be useful in diverse settings, including marine environments, coastal areas, and arid terrains. This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of various research conducted on skirted foundations in different soil conditions. The objective is to assess the increase of bearing capacity and decrease in a settlement achieved via the utilization of skirted foundations. This assessment is based on laboratory testing, field tests, centrifuge models, numerical methods, and theoretical analysis; These investigations are employed to examine the behaviors skirted footing.

ملخص البحث :

Waste oil represents a major challenge to soil quality and environmental sustainability. This study was conducted to determine the environmental impact of refinery effluent on the soil within the refinery site and surrounding area. Six different test sites were selected to measure soil pollutant concentrations according to their distance from the untreated effluent discharge lagoon. The study period lasted six months, as the testing work began in April and ended in September 2023. Standard methods were used to determine the physical, chemical, and biological pollutants of the soil, and soil pollution indices (PLI, CF, and Igeo) were adopted in determining soil quality. The results showed a clear effect of untreated wastewater on soil properties. The soil of the testing sites near the refinery appeared to be highly contaminated with organic pollutants (O&G, TOC, and phenol) and gradually decreased towards the city. The concentrations of heavy metals in the soil were less than the permissible limit of WHO at the various testing sites, with the exception of the concentrations of Cd and Pb. The Cd concentration was approximately 200% higher than the permissible limit, while the Pb concentration was close to the permissible limit or slightly more. Generally, the measured concentrations of these metals followed the order: Ni

• سنة النشر : 2024
• تصنيف البحث : scopus
• تحميل

ملخص البحث :

The study aimed to investigate the environmental impact of the refinery’s wastewater on groundwater within the refinery and the surrounding area. Six different testing sites were chosen to measure the concentrations of groundwater pollutants according to their distance from the untreated oil effluent discharge lagoon. The study period lasted for six months, as the testing work began in April and ended in September 2023. The results showed a clear effect of untreated petroleum effluent on the properties of groundwater, as the concentrations of petroleum effluent (oil and grease, TOC, phenol) and heavy metals (Ni, Cd, Pb) exceeded the permissible limits, as well as related parameters (TDS, EC, Cl, SO4) according to WHO specifications. As for the concentrations of the parameters (BOD, COD), there was no clear effect of the effluent on them, and on the contrary, their values began to increase at the testing sites far from the refinery. The groundwater was greatly affected by a distance of 5 km from the effluent collection lagoon (testing sites: GW1, GW2, GW3, and GW4), and it was not suitable for human use until after it was treated. As for the remaining of the distance (testing sites:GW5, GW6) to the nearest residential area (from 5 km to 9 km), the groundwater was limited to use for irrigation according to WQI guidelines. The study recommends that, in order to reduce pollution of refinery effluent, the responsible administration should use regular wastewater networks, construct a treatment plant for this effluent, and discharge the treated effluent to the nearest water source. Keywords: Refinery Effluent; Petroleum Pollutants; Oil and Grease; TOC; Phenol; Heavy Metals; Groundwater Pollution.