ملخص البحث :

Abstract: The aim of present study was detected the effect of pure nicotine on the histological structure of rat ovaries cortex . In this study was used (24 ) good healthy adult female rats were divided into three groups each group includes (8) animals : The 1st. experimental group was injected (4) mg of pure nicotine subcutaneously ( s/c ) twice daily .The 2 nd. experimental group was injected ( 8 ) mg of pure nicotine ( s/c ) twice daily , while the 3 rd. control group was injected physiological normal saline (0.9 NaCl 2). The experimental period was ( 8 ) weeks . The histopathological observations in the 1st. experimental group was appeared as follow, degenerative changes and disarrangement in the follicular cells & distribution of granulose cells in the follicular fluid .In the 2 nd. experimental group the histopathological changes was include , failure in development of the primary follicles into growing follicles & spread of granulose cells in the antrum within the follicular fluid , as well as vasculization of the follicular fluid & fibrosis was happened in some growing follicles , also the number of atretic follicles was found in the cortex of the ovary .

ملخص البحث :

الخلاصة: 2 ملغم-مل في حالات / بيّنت الدراسة الراهنة ان افضل استجابة علاجية للعقار الديكساجكت كانت بجرعة 3.5 وهذا ما )p<0.001( الاصابات العضلية-الهيكلية المشخّصة بواسطة أشعة أكس وبمستوى معنوية إحتمالي اقل من 0.001 سنّمه عملية الإستخدام لعدم إظهاره آثاراً عرضية خطيرة تذكر او تلاحظ في عينات خيول الأحمال المعالجة.

ملخص البحث :

The present study was designed on 21 model cows in Mesopotamia for diagnosis and treatment metabolic alkalosis cases. With a modern analytical instruments like VetStat Electrolyte Blood Gas Analyzer, our results showed an elevation in blood gases values accompanied with a significant (P < 0.01) decline in electrolytes levels especially K (1.2 mEq/l) and Cl (77 mEq/l)). Logarithmic statistical therapy recording an effective tool we are used for combat metabolic alkalosis in cattle. It was concluded from the current study that supposed therapeutic therapy was effective in the correction and treatment of metabolic alkalosis in cows without less side effects.

ملخص البحث :

The present study was aimed to evaluate the activity of the santonica decoction on the the fasting blood glucose level in an normal , induced hyperglycemic & experimented diabetic rabbits . In the 1st. experiment we were used 15 normoglycemic rabbits , divided into 3 groups : one is control ( given distal water 10 ml / kg of body weight ) & others two were given 100 & 200 mg / Kg body weight of santonica decoction orally for 7 days . The result in this experiment was revealed significant decrease ( P < 0.01 ) in fasting blood glucose level , however the reduction was within normal limits .In the 2nd. experiment we used induced 15 hyperglycemic rabbits , divided into 3 groups as occurred in first experiment . They were fasted for 18 hours & then injected intraperitonially with 4 mg/Kg body weight of 50 % glucose solution . The blood glucose level were determined after 1, 2 & 4 hours following glucose loading & oral administration of plant extract . The result was revealed highly significant decrease( P < 0.01 % ) in blood glucose level . The effect was more pronounced in 200 mg of plant extract compared with 100 mg according with time .In third experiment the effect of santonica decoction on the fasting blood glucose levels were studied in alloxan induced diabetic rabbits , using 15 animals were divided into 3 groups as occurred in 1st. & 2nd. experiments of this study . The fasting blood glucose level was determined after 1 , 3 , 6 & 12 hours following oral administration of plant extract . The result was revealed highly significant decrease ( P < 0.01 ) in fasting blood glucose level of two groups with 100 mg & 200 mg / Kg body weight according with time . The results of this study suggest that the aqueous extract of the santonica decoction possesses hypoglycemic effect & its hypoglycemic action could be attributed to the presence of glycosidic & saponin components in this plant . The water extract might be producing its hypoglycaemic effect by an extra-pancreatic action e.g. possibly by stimulating glucose utilisation in peripheral tissues. Although, it remains possible that the water extract may decrease the secretion of the counter-regulatory hormones (glucagon, cortisol and growth hormones) or reduce absorption of glucose from gut 68

ملخص البحث :

This study was carried in Al – Najaf city for period from 1/4/2008 for 1/8/2009 to show the epidemics of the measles infection among patients were admitted to Al- Hakim general hospital . The relevant information was collected from records of the hospital & patients sheets . There were 1648 patients ( males & females ) . It was found that the majority of the disease occurred in age of the patients between ( 1 – 10 years old ) ( 48.5 % ) , followed by age between ( 11 – 20 years old ) ( 20.12 % ) , then age between ( 1 month – less than 1 year old ) ( 15.3 % ) . The number of admitted cases was nearly equal for both sexes. ( 59.5 % ) of cases were from rural areas , while the remainder ( 40.5 %) from urban areas . There are several complications associated with measles in this study like pneumonia ( 91.5 % ) , followed by enteritis & diarrhea ( 4.4 % ) , then bronchitis ( 3.8 % ) & finally encephalitis ( 0.3 % ) .

ملخص البحث :

In this study, we examine the Skin, Fins, and Gills of 40 models of Golden Fishes Carassius auratus and the average weight of studied Fish was 2.12 gm. and overall and standard length For it was 6.2, 4 cm respectively. The infected Fish and white spot disease have taken from local markets in the province of Babylon in a period from August till the end of September of 2019. These fish was infected by white spot disease noticeably. To control this white spot disease the treatment was designed by using aqueous extract of Tamarindus indeed in a concentration of 40%, 30%, 20%, and 10%. We used the diving method with extract in a glass basin for a period of 5 minutes to treat the infected fish. There was a complete competence in killing the parasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis that causing the white spot disease in the concentration of 40% so we can use this concentration for Tamarindus indica in order to eliminate the parasite. That causes the white spot disease and we notice that the mark able increase in fish activity and swimming near the water Surface than the treated fish return to its normal condition after few minutes when they returned to the recovery basin where the freshwater and suitable ventilation. Reformulate In this study we examine the Skin, Fins and Gills of 40 model of Golden Fishes Carassius auratus and the average weight of studied Fish was 2.12 gm. and overall and standard length For it was 6.2, 4 cm respectively. The infected Fish and white spot disease taken from local markets in the province of Babylon in aperiod from August till the end of September of 2019. These fish was infected by white spot disease noticeably. In order to control this whit spot disease the treatment was designed by using aqueous extract of Tamarindus indica in a concentration of 40%, 30%, 20% and 10%. We used the diving method with extract in aglass basins for aperiod of 5 minutes to treat the infected fish. There was a complete competence in killing the parasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis that causing the white spot disease in concentration of 40% so we can use this concentration for Tamarindus indica in order to eliminate the parasite. That cause the white spot disease and we notice that the mark able increase in fish activity and swimming near the water Surface then the treated fish return to its normal condition after few minutes when they returned to the recovery basin where the fresh water and suitable ventilation.

ملخص البحث :

Examined in the period, between August 2020 to January 2021 atotal of 97 fishes common carp from one of fish cages from Alforat River in Al-Mussayab city, Babylon, Iraq. These fishes species were examind for Dactylogyrus vastator. Parasites recorded included six species, Dactylogyrus arquatus, D. simlex, D. dogieli, D. minutus, D. extensus, D. vastator. The percentage incidence of infection with the studied Dactylogyrus varied according to different months. The present study included the determination of monthly changes in the main physical and chemical features of the water of River in this study water temperature of water River ranged from 10.4-13.5 Cᵒ, dissolved oxygen from 7.9-9.2 mg/L. PH ranged from 7.0-7.6, salinity ranged from 0.29- 0.5/ ppt and the transparency ranged from 58-94 cm. the whole changes in the physical and chemical features of the waters of River were within the normal ranges tolerable by the common carp.

ملخص البحث :

A total of 82 adult cow, 24 adult calves , which their ages more than one year , and 38 female calves, 29 male calves which their ages less than one year , are examined during the period from August /2021 till Feb/2022 to detect their infection with Giardia parasite .Its found that 18 of the adult animals infected with cyst (16.98%) while 3 only infected with trophozoites (4.47%) . The animals that their ages less than one year exhibited less rate of infection (8.49% and 7.46% with cyst and trophozoite respectively). According to months of the year , August show the highest rate of infection especially among adult male animals and small female animals (40% and 50% respectively ) . The study recorded Giardia parasite in cattle's for the first time in Al-Kufa city , Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf .

ملخص البحث :

This study was conducted to investigate one of the most issues in Iraqi Awassi sheep by ingesting of Tribulus terrestris that disseminated in the Al-Najaf Desert. The Iraqi Awassi sheep is one of the most popular and economically important sheep in Iraq and the Middle East which survive on the low nutrition level. Nutrition also remains one of the major constraints to livestock production in the tropics, particularly the lack of protein during the dry season. Tribulus terrestris (Qutub) belongs to family Zygophyllaceae, it is a herbaceous, mat forming plant in nature and grows in warm dry tropics all over the world. A total of 75 blood samples were collected from jugular vein and placed into EDTA and plain tubes. Samples were divided in to two groups depending on the clinical signs, 45 sheep were clinically healthy and 30 sheep possessed clinical signs that are suggestive of photosensitization in Al-Najaf governorate, Iraq. The results showed that the total blood analyses, there were a significant increase (P > 0.05) in total leukocyte count and neutrophils, while, there was no significant difference in total red blood cells, PCV, Hb, lymphocytes, and eosinophil of affected sheep compared to the control. Furthermore, affected sheep had significantly higher levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), total protein, total bilirubin, and serum urea nitrogen. In conclusion, the present study recorded that hematological, biochemical and pathological changes related with ingestion of toxic plant Tribulus terrestris in Al Najaf desert of Iraq, which causes photosensitization in affected sheep.

ملخص البحث :

This study was aimed to compare between lead blood levels and its hazardous effects on hematological and biochemical parameters in Awassi sheep grazed on pastures located in Najaf center and sheep grazed in desert of Al- Najaf province-Iraq. The results showed that the lower blood lead levels in sheep grazed on desert with values enclosed in generally within the normal limits, while, higher blood lead levels were shown in sheep grazed on pasture located in the city center of Al- Najaf, with average values significantly higher than the maximum limits. On the other hand, there are a significant decrease (p<0.05) in hematological parameters (Red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), also, a significant increase (p<0.05) in biochemical parameters (alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine) but decrease in total protein (TP) in sheep grazed on pasture located in the city center compared with sheep grazing in desert Al- Najaf. Thus, the current study showed that elevated mean blood lead level above the acceptable limit of (0.1 ppm) in all Sheep living in the city Centre, suggesting that

ملخص البحث :

The present study aimed to describe clinical, hematological and pathological findings of polioencephalomalacia (PEM) in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) from Al-Hiadyia in the desert region of Al- Najaf, Iraq. The clinical signs included blindness, lethargy incoordination, ataxia, extension of the limbs, hyperesthesia, no menace reflexes, paddling movements, opisthotonos and recumbency. Also, hematological and biochemical parameters results were normal. On the other hand, postmortem was carried on two recumbent camel, with particular attention to examine brain tissue for evidence of the disease. Major macroscopic changes included congestion of cerebral vessels, edema, and herniation of the cerebellum. The most observed microscopic lesions, between two assessed cases, were laminar and segmental neuronal necrosis at different regions of the brain, spongiosis, nuclear pyknosis and red nucleus neurons. Clinical disease, gross and histopathological lesions which shows positive results of polioencephalomalacia. There are very few reports on incidence and/or prevalence of PEM in Iraq. However, this is the first study in younger Camels are reported in Al-Hiadyia at Al- Najaf desert. Key words : Camel, Polioencephalomalacia, hematological, biochemical, cerebrocortical necrosis.

ملخص البحث :

Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae (M. ovipneumonea) is a major respiratory infection in sheep worldwide. The current study aims to diagnose, identify, and examine M. ovipneumonea in sheep using hematology, biochemistry, pathology and molecular. The current study gathered samples from Awassi sheep of both sexes and 1.5-4 years of age in the Al-Najaf slaughterhouse from January to April 2022, who were suffering from respiratory symptoms such as ocular, nasal discharge, and coughing. Before slaughter, blood samples (n=210) were obtained for hematobiochemical and serological analysis; following slaughter, lung specimens were collected from sheep for DNA gene-based PCR analysis and the preparation of paraffin blocks for histological evaluation. Animals with pneumonic pathological changes had a range of respiratory symptoms. The appearance revealed multiple stages of pulmonary changes, including respiratory congestion, edema mixed with fibrin fluid, irregular consolidation and hemorrhagic patches on the lungs' surface, and inflammatory exudate in their airways. The infected sheep were found to be anemic and to exhibit leukocytosis on a hematological value. In compared to healthy animals, blood biochemical indicators such as cholesterol, HDL, and albumin were shown to be decreased. ALT, AST, total protein, globulin, and fibrinogen levels all increased. Histopathologically, the infected sheep had broncho interstitial pneumonia and purulent to fibrinopurulent bronchopneumonia. Serology results show that 210/123 (58.8%) confirmed the presence of Mycoplasma spp. M. ovipneumoniae DNA was extracted from lung tissue samples and replicated using genus and species-specific primers. The 16S rRNA gene of M. ovipneumonea was found in 123/52 (42.2%) of the PCR findings. Our findings indicated that M. ovipneumoniae was one of the agents involve

ملخص البحث :

Background and Aim: Anaplasmosis, an underestimated disease transmitted by ticks, is widespread in ruminants, such as the Arabian camel (dromedary camel). This study aimed to examine the presence of Anaplasma marginale in dromedary camels in the Al-Hiadyia region of the Al-Najaf desert, Iraq, using serological and molecular tests. Moreover, hematological and biochemical changes in infected animals were compared with those in healthy controls. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 30 healthy and 260 infected camels with severe anemia, pale mucus membranes, and progressive emaciation to investigate antibodies against A. marginale using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, followed by polymerase chain reaction for selected positive samples targeting a specific region of A. marginale major surface protein 5 (MSP5). In addition, hematological and biochemical parameters were measured to indicate the effect of the disease on blood profile, mineral status, and liver and kidney functions. Results: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis and microscopic examination revealed that 115/260 (44.23%) and 87 (33.46%) camels were positive for Anaplasma spp., respectively. The MSP5 gene, which is unique to A. marginale, was amplified. The results of hematological analysis indicated a significant decrease in total red blood cells, hemoglobin, and packed cell volume and a significant increase in mean corpuscular volume in infected camels, but no difference in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. Moreover, there was a significant increase in total white blood cells count, lymphocytes, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and platelets. The results of biochemical analysis indicated a significant increase in the levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and iron and a decrease in copper in infected camels. Cholesterol and triglyceride showed no significant variations between healthy and diseased camels.