ملخص البحث :

Background: Vitamin-D is one important steroid hormone in the body, which is obtained from direct sunlight and food or supplements. Objective: The current study aimed to evaluate the relationship between Vitamin-D levels and semen parameters among infertile men in Najaf Governorate. Patients and method: The study included sixty infertile men who presented to the Infertility Unit, Saad Medical City during the period from January 2020 to September 2020. The results were compared with the results of thirty healthy men as a control group. The level of Vitamin-D in the blood was detected using a French-origin Fujifilm machine, semen analysis, and sperm counting by using a Microcell counting chamber. Sperm morphology was evaluated by the Diff-Quick kit. Results: The results demonstrated that infertile men had average age of 34 ± 0.50 years and their mean body mass index (BMI) was 60.60 ± 5.06 kg/m2. The results showed that the level of vitamin-D in the body recorded a significant decrease (P-value < 0.0001) in infertile men (12.55 ± 0.02) as compared to fertile men (43.16 ± 0.005). Conclusion: This study proved the positive relationship between the level of Vitamin-D and the levels of semen parameters, which can insure for the possibility of relying on the level of Vitamin-D in determining the cause of male infertility.

ملخص البحث :

Background:- One of the important steps in a woman’s life is pregnancy, especially the first pregnancy. One of the most important problems facing a woman is abortion, which has a serious psychological impact on her. One of the causes of abortion is the germs etiology that was studying in the current study to know the extent of its spread. Method:- The study included 192 women coming to the infertility unit in Al-Sadr Medical City in the Najaf governorate, who are suffering from abortion because of germ etiology for a period of 6 months, from January to June 2019. Draw 5 ml of blood to determine the presence of IgG, IgM antibodies to confirm the presence of the injury. Result:- The current study showed that the rate of miscarriage resulting from germ etiology varies according to the type of germ, where the incidence of CMV was the highest, followed by rubella virus and toxoplasmosis (17.6, 15.1, 2.6)%, respectively, and the percentages of women who have a previous infection.(45.8,16.7,19.8 )%, respectively. Statically analysis:-Data analyzed by using SPSS version 18 software, the categorical changeable was given as percentage and frequencies. Conclusion:- The germ causes that cause abortion in Najaf are spread in varying degrees, but through the results, these infection rates decreased, which is evidence of the spread of health and cultural awareness among Najaf women. Therefore, it was suggested, as the study of the future, to conduct a survey study one year from now to see the extent of the change.

ملخص البحث :

The COVID19 disease is a transmittable viral infection that causes acute respiratory system infection, to this day there is no proven treatment for this virus and its complication in the body are still unclear. so the current study aimed to determine the levels of immunoglobulin (M, G) against infection with covid 19, the measure of liver enzymes( AST, ALT), and the relation of infection with blood group. This study included 60 patients infected by COVID-19 and 30 uninfected people, who came to the AL-Najaf Hospitals from January to March month 2020. Draw 5 ml of blood for the measure of G, M, and AST, ALT levels, and determine the blood group. The results showed that infection with the Covid-19 virus had a significant effect (p <0.001) on the level of both G and M antibodies compared to the control group (10.18, 16.94) mg/dl, (0.320,0.312) mg/dl, respectively. also, the study showed the significant effect of infection on liver enzymes which caused increased AST and ALT levels ( 44.25,52.30)U/L compared with the control group ( 36.28, 42.46) U/L respectively .also explained the relation between blood group and covid 19 infection, as a blood group A recorded the highest rate of infection and blood type O lowest rate of infection (35, 13.33) % respectively. so it is possible to rely on measuring the level of G, M antibodies in diagnosing or recovering from covid 19 infection .also, know the effect of the infection on the liver and the relationship between infection and blood group

ملخص البحث :

This study was carried out to study the effect of Entamoeba histolytica infection and its impact on some blood parameter such as hemoglobin, packed cell volume (p.c.v.), cholesterol and Triglyceride (TG) among 430 patients who attended AL-Furat AL-owset Teaching hospital in Kufa city / Iraq during six month period from March and September2018. Those patients suffered from diarrhea and abdominal discomfort. The frequency of Entamoeba histolytica occurring was (70) infection out of (430, 16.3%). Among those (70) infected there were male n=32/70,45.7%, while females represented n=38/70,54.3%. The result of this study showed no significant affect in cholesterol and Triglyceride but significant decrease in Hb and pcv in comparison with control group of (30) healthy individual which was included in this study.

ملخص البحث :

Context: Repeated pregnancy loss is causing great distress to couples and undermining their confidence in achieving reproductive success in the future. A doctor can usually diagnose the cause and manage it directly, but in some cases, the cause is not known. Aim: This study aims to investigate whether there is a correlation between recurrent miscarriage and the level of protein S, C, age and blood groups in women who have experienced recurrent miscarriage without identifying a cause for this condition. Material and methods: one hundred twenty from infected women by recurrent abortion for unknown causes were classified according to age groups. Diagnosed blood group by using a specific kit for Biorex diagnostic Limited (the United Kingdom, 2016). The concentration of protein S and C were calculated by using the equipment produced by the AESKU.DIAGNOSTIC (Germany) Statistical analysis: the statistical analyses of the data were performed by using the (SPSS) 20.0 software package. We used the following analyses, frequencies, percentage, mean, stander diversion and Pearson correlation to identify the potential correlation between the miscarriage and the level of protein S, C, age and blood groups, the p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The study showed that out of a total of 120 women, who suffer from recurrent abortion, 82/120 have a decrease in the level of C protein, 96/120 have a decrease in the level of S protein and 74\120 have low level of both proteins C&S. The results were statistically significant (P=0.000, P=0.000 and p=0.000), There was an intermediate direct correlation between recurrent abortion and the level of proteins C and S (rp= 0.545, rp= 0.643), also there was correlation between the level of protein S and the level of protein C (rp=0.713). It was also found that there was no correlation between age and blood groups with cases of recurrent abortion in women the results was statistically non-significant (rp= - 0.084, p= 0.279; rp= 0.108, p=0.159). Conclusion: There are several reasons for the occurrence of recurrent abortion, including what is caused by microbial infections, or it may be caused by certain abnormalities in the reproductive system, etc., also appear to the results of this research, the low level of one of the proteins S, C or both may be a cause in the case of recurrent abortion.

ملخص البحث :

Fungal spores are biological molecules that are widespread in the indoor and outdoor air. Several types of the very common fungal spores are known as allergens, with the potential to cause respiratory illnesses by increasing the aggravation of asthma and rhinitis. From January to December 2018, a cross-sectional environmental survey was performed to determine the dust fungal spore concentration in four district of Al-Najaf governorates and examine the potential correlation between the concentration of fungal spores and the numbers of patients have asthma, also the effect of some demographical characteristic on the percentage of asthma. Fungal spores in dust were collected using Achudume method, the samples were cultured at room temperature for 7-10 days, the identification and counting of fungi were performed. The data of patients have asthma was obtained from statistics division at hospitals and health centers located in these districts. The result of this study revealed the highest fungal spore concentration was in the dust of Kufa district (29%), moreover, the most prevalent fungal isolate from the dust belonged to the genus Aspergillus, Alternaria, Cladosporium, and Penicillium. There was a remarkable difference among the four districts regarding the type and concentration of fungal spores. There was a significant positive correlation between the number of patients have asthma and the concentration of fungal spores in dust (rp= 0.96, p-value = 0.0001). The overall percentage of asthma in the study population was 4.1%, the rate of asthma appear to be more prevalent among male than female (2.47% vs 1,67%), there was no difference between the percentage of asthma in urban and rural areas (2.2%, 1.9%), and it was statistically non-significant at ≤ 0.05. There was a medium direct correlation between age groups and asthma (rp= 0.687) towered the increase in age, but it was not statistically significant (P= 0.132). It was clear that most of the recorded fungal spore type have allergenic properties, which mean that increase their concentration in the environment of AL-Najaf can negatively effect on the status of patients have asthma.

ملخص البحث :

Otomycosis is a fungal infection of the external canal of the ear, is widespread in the tropics and subtropical regions, but is it confined to these areas or it is possible to be present in areas that have different climate which is very hot and dry in summer, very cold and rainy in winter, This is what we try to know by performing this research in the city of Essaouira, Wasit province of Iraq. The study includes 322 patients attending the ENT consulting clinic. The patients subjected to clinical diagnosis, fill questionary forma and the samples analysis in the laboratory. The prevalence of otomycosis was (29.5%), Candida albicans. Aspergillus nigar were the predominant isolates involve in infected patients (29.4%,24.2%), female to male ratio was 1:2, the infection was more common in individuals with 3ed and 4th decade(33.6%, 26.3%), July and August wetness the higher percent of infection(30.5%,27.3%). Self-hygiene of the ear, abuse of ear antibiotic droplets were statistically significant (x2=8.264, p=0.003; x2=23.578, p=0.00).

ملخص البحث :

Background: Virulent strains of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) express a series of virulence factors which cause severe infections such as skin and soft tissue infections which can be life-threatening. Additionally, extensive antibiotic resistance among nosocomial pathogens has left limited choices for their eradication. Our objective was investigation of antibiotic resistance and virulence determinants of S. aureus from skin infections. Materials and methods: Two-hundred non-duplicate S. aureus isolates were collected from skin infections. Antibiotic susceptibility profile was evaluated using disc diffusion and methicillin resistance was confirmed. Biofilm formation was assessed by microtiter tissue plate assay. Determinants of virulence factors including hlA- α, tsst-1, pvl, PSM's, eta and etb genes and also the mupirocin resistance mup A gene and class I integron were detected by PCR. MLST was performed for isolates containing the pvl gene. Results: The age range of patients included 12–76 years (mean ± SD = 56.34 ± 5.43). MRSA (70/200) were isolated significantly higher among ages>50 years (p < .001) but not significantly different between both genders (p = .112). Prior antibiotic consumption and hospitalization were significantly associated with MRSA (81.42%) and MDR (84.28%) isolation. The existence of int1 gene (44.5%) was significantly higher in multidrugresistant (MDR) isolates (p < .001). Thirty-six (18%) MDR isolates carried the mupA gene. The existence of mupA gene was significantly associated with prior hospitalization (n = 33, 91.66%, p < .0001) and antibiotic consumption (n = 30, 83.33%, p < .001). Predominant virulence determinant included PSMα (61.5%), followed by tsst-1 (17.5%), hla-α (9.5%), pvl (2.5%), eta (2.5%) and etb (1%). The rate of strong biofilm producers (totally 25%) was not significantly different between MRSA and MSSA. The existence of PSM-α gene was significantly higher among strong biofilm producers compared to biofilm non-producers (p = .002). PFGE exhibited no genetic relation among strains. Conclusion: Virulence factors of S. aureus from skin infections contributed in severity of infection and biofilm formation. MDR phenotype was more common among older patients with history of hospitalization and prior antibiotic consumption. Mupirocin resistance has emerged among MDR and MRSA isolates. Hence suitable control strategies must be performed to inhibit the spread of these strains in healthcare and community settings.

ملخص البحث :

Context: Acne is not a life-threatening disease, but it can cause permanent dermal scar, it may be a source of depletion of the financial resources of the individual as well as the psychological distress that can affect a person’s future life. Aims: determine the influencing factors, grading acne severity and identify the potential microbial cause. Method and Material: the analytic descriptive study was performed using an interview-administered questionnaire and clinical examination for each participant. Global acne grading system was used for determining the acne severity. The sample was collected only from students who have a cane, the specimen have been processed to identify the species of microorganism. Statistical analysis: The data were analyses by a statistical program SPSS (version 21). Results: the prevalence of acne was (71.9%), it was more common among male compared to female (43% vs29%), there is a significant association (p>0.05) between acne and skin hygiene, family history, stress and menstrual cycle, while there is no association (p<0.05) between acne and hormonal imbalance, polycystic ovarian, sun protecting creams, cosmetic and moisture cream. sever and moderate form of acne was more common in female (2.3 %, 5% vs 0%, 3.6%), however the mild form more common in male (39.4% vs 22.2%). Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most bacterial isolate from specimens (28.3%). Conclusions: acne results from overlapping more than one factor at the same time. The extent of the impact of these factors may differ from one person to another depending on regional variations in terms of the environment and lifestyle.

ملخص البحث :

Background: Toxoplasma gondii infection is the primary infection during pregnancy that may result in congenital toxoplasmosis, abortion and still birth. Many studies tried to explain the relationship between ABO blood groups and anti-toxoplasmosis, but the results were conflicting. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the type of blood groups and anti toxoplasma gondii. Methods: The study was conducted on 76 women infected with toxoplasmosis to determine the positive or negative IgM and IgG for Toxoplasma gondii and relation with blood group type and age. Results: The study showed toxoplasmosis was more prevalent among women 26-30 years and the prevalence of infection among women with blood type O, A, B and AB was 44.7%, 23.7%, 21.0% and 10.6 % , respectively. In addition, the rate of positive results for IgG were more than the positive results for IgM (81.6% and 23.2%), respectively while the negative results were (18.4% and 76.3%), respectively. As a consequence, the age and blood group phenotype of a pregnant women could be determinant of the likelihood of her infection with Toxoplasma gondii

ملخص البحث :

The aim of this research was to diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis by use wet amount microscope and evaluate the level of estrogen, progesterone, in women used pills at contraceptive and do not used with T. vaginalis infection; blood specimens were collected from 85 women whom have visited the department of infertility at Al-Sadder medical city, Al-Zahra Hospital in Najaf Province during the period from June till October, 2013. Twenty healthy looking age matched women taken to serum tubes and serum was separated. Serum was used for evolution of the level of estrogen and progesterone in women infected with T. vaginalis. The level of estrogen and progesterone were evaluated in serum using ELISA technique .T.vaginalis was isolated from 15 women with a prevalence rate 17.64% by using wet amount microscope. The results revealed a significant increase in estrogen and progesterone in women infected with T. vaginalis in compared to control group.

ملخص البحث :

Background:- Coronavirus (COVID-19) is a viral disease transmitted from person to others by coughing and sneezing droplets.COVID-19 is a new virus spread over the world symptoms of COVID-19 that can range from mild to severe disease and can develop into multi-organ failures, caused death . Method:- The study included 68 people coming to the AL-Najaf Hospitals, who are suffering from infection by COVID-19 for a period of 2 months, from April to May month 2020. Draw 5 ml of blood for the measurement of CRP and Ferritin in patients' blood. Result:- The current study showed that infection with Covid-19 is affected by the age factor of the patient, the age group (40-46) years was the most affected group, where the rate of infection being (38. 24). %) also, the study showed the sex factor was an effect on spread infection where the men infection was more than from women. The study also showed that the injury caused a significant increase (p <0.001) in the Ferritin level in both sexes compared to the healthy group (515, 222.382) ng/ml respectively in the Men and(470, 71 ) ng/ml respectively in the women. also, a significant increase in CRP level compared with the healthy group ( 44.82,3.41) IU/ ml respectively. Statically analysis:- The data are analyzed using by SPSS statistical program version 18 software, the categorical changeable was given as percentage and frequencies Conclusion:- We conclude from the current study that the age and gender factor play an important role in the prevalence of Covid-19 infection and that Covid-19 infection causes an increase in both the effective protein level C and the level of the ferritin of blood , so it can be relied upon in the early diagnosis of COVID-19 infection.

ملخص البحث :

The research was conducted on 30 out patients and 20 healthy women to determine the influences of infected with T. vaginal is on levels of iron, ferritin and growth hormone in women infected with T. vaginal is in compared with healthy group. Who have visited Al-Sadder medical city and Al-Zahra Hospital in Al- Najaf Province during the period from January till August 2013. Diagnosis infection with this parasite by using the wet amount microscope for vaginal secretion. The results showed significant decrease (P<0.05) in iron, ferritin, FSH, LH and growth hormone in T. vaginalis infection patients in compared to control group

ملخص البحث :

This study was designed to determine the effect of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in women by of city of Najaf on levels hormones (prolactin, LH, FSH) and immunoglobulin G,M which included the current study, 30 cases of infection with the bacterium chlamydia and 20 cases of women who are not infected visited unit infertility in AL- Sadr medical City, and AL- Zahra Hospital in Najaf Al-Ashraf, for the period from June, until August 2014. The present study showed a significant increase in the level of Ig M, G, where the level of Ig M in women infected (285.345mg / dl, 71%) compared to the control group (146.166mg /dl,29%) and the level of antibodies G (2896.93mg / dl, 66 %) compared with control group(1184.56 mg / dl, 34%)). As the study was significantly increased in the hormone level of FSH and LH as the FSH level (17.104mg / dl ) compared to control group( 8.34mg / dl ) . while the LH (15.625mg / dl, 8.34mg / dl), respectively. The hormone prolactin did not record any significant change between the infected and at the level of the control group. The present study recorded significant increase in each of the levels( IgG ,M FSH ,LH ) but did not register a significant change in the prolactin level

ملخص البحث :

The study was conducted 60 out patients and 30 healthy people to determine the effect of infection with Entamoeba histolytica on levels of AST ,ALT, Total cholesterol, TG, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and VLDL cholesterol in human infected with Entamoeba histolytica compared with healthy group . Who have visited Al-Sadder medical city, Al-Hakeem Hospital ,AL-Zahraa Hospital , AL-Manaithra Hospital in Al- Najaf governorate during the period from October 2013 till April 2014. The results showed that here were a significant increase (P<0.05) in AST ,ALT. whil there was a significant decrease in cholesterol, TG,LDL, HDL, and VLDL in Entamoeba histolytica infected patients compared with control group.

ملخص البحث :

The study was conducted on 36 out patients and 20 healthy males to determine the influences of infected with Ascaris limbercoidon levels of iron, ferritin and Hb, RBCs and PCV in males infected with A. limbercoidin compared with healthy group. Who have visited Al-Sadder medical city and Al-Hakeem Hospital in Al- Najaf Province during the period from March till August 2013. Diagnosis infection with this parasite by using the wet amount microscope for stool from patients. The results showed significant decrease (P<0.05) in iron and ferritin in A. limbercoidinfection patients in compared to control group. Furthermore the results showed serum Hb, RBCs and PCV were significant increased (P< 0.05) in A. limbercoid infection patients in compared to control group

ملخص البحث :

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a worldwide health problem with an important health impacts on individual suffering from it in relation to effect on certain biochemical changes. Aims of study: The present study aims to find out the effect of UTI on some biochemical profile in patients and comparing that with normal individuals. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Al- Najaf Province during the period between September 2014-March 2014, fulfilled by using different biochemical techniques for estimation of lipid and some other biochemical profile among randomly selected 120 patients with UTI and 150 healthy control individuals. Results: There were a significant decrease in the level of serum Cholesterol, Triglyceride (TG), Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), Very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), with significant increase of High-density lipoprotein (HDL), also there were significant increase of blood urea with slight increase in serum creatinin, all above changes were among those with UTI when compared with normal control group. Conclusion: Urinary tract infection has a significant impact on lipid profile and some other biochemical changes when compared with healthy control group. Recommendations: Measuring of certain cytokine changes among patient with UTI to know whether a relationship with changes in lipid Profile.

ملخص البحث :

The study was conducted on 450 out patients and 30 healthy women, whom have visited the department of infertility at Al-Sadder medical city, Al-Zahra Hospital in Najaf Province during the period from January till August, 2012. The infection with T.vaginalis in clinical suspected women determined by using the wet amount microscope,ratio and infected women numbers by wet mount microscope were 49 and 10.88% respectively. The results showed significant decrease (P<0.05) in RBCs count,level of Hb, PCV, MCV, and MCHC inT.vaginalis infection patients in comparison to healthy control group.

ملخص البحث :

The study was conducted on 200 out patients and 30 healthy women to determine the influences of infected with Toxoplasma gondii by using of direct agglutination (Latex) then determine levels of (IgG ,IgM) immunoglobulin and some parameter in women infected with Toxoplasma gondii in compared with healthy group. Who have visited Al-Sadder medical city and Al-Hakeem Hospital in Al- Najaf Province during the period from January till August 2012. The current study showed that the number and percentage of positive infected samples were 30 (30%).while the positive IgG antibody were 42(70%) and the IgM antibody 18(30%) and this results detection most the infection were in prevision period also the study revealed the less percent of infection (4.7%) was in age 40-49).while the age (10-19) was (11.9%). The results showed significant decrease (P<0.05) Hb , RBCs and WBCs in Toxoplasma gondii infection patients in compared to control group. Furthermore the results showed serum IgG and IgM were significant increased (P< 0.05) in Toxoplasma gondii infection patients in compared to control group also this study revealed that concentration of IgG and IgM different with age of infection

ملخص البحث :

ملخص البحث :

The study was conducted on 60 footballers and 30 healthy non-athletes to determine the effect of football on cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density protein lipid, low-density protein lipids, very low-density protein lipids in athletes compared to the non-exercise group. In AL-Najaf province. The results showed a significant decrease in cholesterol , triglycerides , the level of low-density lipoprotein and very low-density lipoprotein( 153.93, 119,89.8,23.8)mg/dl compared with control group (162.9,132.23,102.13,26.493) mg/d but increased levels of high-density protein lipid (54) mg/d compared with control group ( 50) mg/d.

ملخص البحث :

ملخص البحث :

هذا البحث هو دراسة عيا نية وتشخصيه لمرض الجرب الذي يصيب الأغنام حيث تم فحص (50 ) نموذجا من جلد الأغنام المصابة بالأمراض الجلدية والتي جلبت إلى المستشفى / البيطري / النجف . لوحظ أن العلامات المرضية المميزة لمرض الجرب هو ظهور الآفات المرضية في منطقة الرأس وخصوصا حول الأذن والعينين والرقبة والظهر .حيث تبدأ الإصابة باحمرار المنطقة وظهور البثور وبعد فترة زمنية حوالي (7) أيام يتثخن الجلد وتتغطى المنطقة بالقشور الصفراء الباهتة وعند مضي (35) يوماَ يتساقط الصوف في المنطقة المصابة نتيجة الحك المستمر

ملخص البحث :

Atotal of (239 ) patient ; (154 male and 85 femal) . The apercentage ( 63.5%) were infected with intestinal protozoa; and the infection with Entemobea histolytica and Giradia lameblia was (67.6% ;58.7% )respectilly in AL-Abasia /AL-Najaf governorate during 1/7 to 30/9/ 2008 in laboratory of AL-Abasia hospital ;The infection in male is more than femal by apercentage (66.7%; 57.6% )respectilly. This study explain there were differences regarding monthly distribution of parasitic agents.

ملخص البحث :

The study concluded the discovery and investigation of the ability of bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus in dampening the growth of Listeria monocytogenes.We also used different concentration from Lactobacillus acidophilus )LBA( in the contrastive study . The activity increased to reach its maximum at the concentration off 100 mg / ml which has the ability to dampen of L. monocytogenes isolate by diameters dampening which ranged from (24 - 23) mm. The value of MIC and MBC was specified . The amount of MIC was 25 mg / ml and the amount of MBC 50 mg / ml , the LD50 was also specified and its percentage was 1000 mg / ml . So the use of this CFS is safe from a hygienic point of view .

ملخص البحث :

The study conducted on 60 out patients women and 30 healthy women to determine the effect of injury to Cytomegalovirus on levels of cholesterol, TG, HDL, LDL and VLDL in women infected with Cytomegalovirus in compared with healthy women group . Who had visited AL-Hayat center laboratory ,AL-Riwan laboratory and Al-Sadder medical city in Al- Najaf governorate during the period from October 2015 till April 2016. The results apear significant decrease (P< 0.05) in LDL but significant increase in levels of cholesterol, TG,LDL, HDL, and VLDL of CMV infected women with compared to control group.

ملخص البحث :

The study of infertility is regarded as one of the obstacles to sustainable development. Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a reasonable period of sexual activity without the use of contraceptives. It affects 1/5 to 1/6 of couples who are of reproductive age, but it poses no threat to the person's life or physical integrity. However, can have a bad effect on a person's development and damage their personality. The study sought to investigate the relationship between men's infertility and vitamin D levels and testosterone since infertility affects both men and women, and each of them has specific reasons. Using VIDAS Technology (a French business), the concentrations of vitamin D and testosterone were determined for 60 infertile males. According to the study, testosterone and vitamin D levels in infertile males are lower (13.3 pg/ml and 1.68 ng/ml, respectively) than in the control group (41.27 pg/ml and 6.62 ng/ml, respectively). The findings had a substantial statistical impact (P < 0.001). Software called (SPSS) program, version 2023, was used to examine the data. Men's infertility has a variety of reasons, and this study's findings indicated that low levels of vitamin D and testosterone are two of them. It is thus advised to check both of these levels when later childbearing is being handled.

ملخص البحث :

Background: Interleukin -33 is a cytokine that has role pro- and anti-inflammatory effects engaged in the development of many inflammatory diseases. The current study tested the relationship between bacterial prostate inflammation and IL-33 serum levels in the development of infertility in male. Aim: The current study aimed to estimate the part that bacterial prostate inflammation and IL-33 function in the development of infertility in male in Najaf governorate. Method: The patients (120) were examined at the infertility unit in AL-Sadder Medical City, Al-Najaf governorate during the period from January to May of 2022. The patients were divided into categories: 60 prostatitis–related infertile men, 30 prostatitis-fertile men, and 30 infertile men compared with 30 healthy fertile men. Taken blood to measure IL-33 concentration by ELISA and semen samples were to identify the bacterial etiology as well as liquefaction of semen, appearance, volume, and basic sperm properties in the remaining semen (motility, viability, density, and morphology). Result: The current study saw that patients with Prostatitis had greatly higher serum concentrations of IL-33 than infertile patients, the results were statistically significant (p<0.05). In addition, IL-33 concentration increased with the severity of the disease. Conclusion: The Present study establishes a connection between the infection with prostatitis and infertility, which is reflected in the immune response of the body at a higher level of IL-33

ملخص البحث :

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is one of the skin diseases that infect humans due to exposure to more than 20 types of leishmaniasis, and it is one of the diseases that burdened many developing countries, and it is an epidemic disease in more than 98 countries. Therefore, we did this study that included Forty patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis (22 males and 18 females with a ratio of (1.20:1) attending the outpatient clinic of the dermatology unit in Al-Sadder Medical City and private clinics in Najaf / Iraq, during the period between February and April 2019. The age distribution ranges from (1) to (80) years. The diagnosis was done by physical examination. The results clarified the highest rate of infection was in the (11-20) years. The study also demonstrated the effect of gender and area of residence on the spread of infection, as it recorded a significant increase (P<0.05) an infection in males compared with females (55%, 45%) respectively and rural regions (47.8%) in comparison to urban regions (18.8%).

ملخص البحث :

The study was performed in the animal house of the College of Education, for a period (21/11/2021- 12/12/2021) to evaluate the histological changes in the kidney of a male albino rat, treated with acetaminophen (450mg/kg). the study lasted two months by Following (20) male rats and was (16-20) weeks weighted between (200-250g) they divided into two groups each consisting of ten males. The first group was orally given the tab water and it was the control group. The second group treated and It was orally with acetaminophen at (450 mg/kg) Five rats from each group were then left to be fed with water and diet for two weeks after the last treatment in order to monitor the progress of clinical signs, histological and macroscopic changes. Hematoxylin and Eosin stained images showed that acetaminophen overdose induced acute kidney injury as demonstrated by widening of glomeruli space (Bowman space), tubular dilatation, numerous cellular debris in the renal tubules with tubular epithelial degeneration, and vacuolization the pathological changes were observed in the histological section of kidneys that dosed ((acetaminophen) such as cellular change in the glomeruli cells, the epithelium of was disrupted and increased connective tissue, From this study, It was concluded that acetaminophen drug has negative effects in the cells of the kidneys tissue, For long term. Despite the fact that widespread use of acetaminophen it made histopathological changes in the kidneys. These findings revealed nephrotoxicity was associated with an increase in oxidative damage and apoptosis.