ملخص البحث :

Abstract: This research conducted to the study of the effect of levels of organic manure (poultry manure) (0, 5, 10, 15) ton/haand phosphate fertilizer (super calcium phosphate 46% P2O5/ha) (0, 60, 120, 180) kg/ha on survival. Bio-control pesticides(Trichoderma harzianum and Aspergillus terrus) in soil. The results showed the ability of Bio-control pesticides to survivein the soil at different levels, where the highest average of fungal colonies was 34.1 × 510 spores/1 g soil for T. harzianumisolate of challenge when added 15 tons/ha of organic fertilizer. While the highest average of fungal colonies was 45.3 × 510spores /1 g of soil for A. terrus pesticide when added 180 kg P2O5 /ha of calcium superphosphate fertilizer. The results alsoshowed a decrease in the numbers of colonies of the bio-control fungi during the period of their stay in the soil for bothfertilizers used.

ملخص البحث :

Abstract: This study was conducted in order to evaluate the effectiveness of some plant extracts, namely Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaf extract and Cinnamomumzy lanicum extract (cinnamon). At concentrations of (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5) % (w/v) and the filtrate of the bio-control fungus Trichoderma harzianum at concentrations of (50, 75 and 100) % (w/v) in controlling the cucumber dropping off disease caused by the fungus Pythium aphanidermatum under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. The results showed the effectiveness of the bio-control fungus T. harzianum filtrate in inhibiting the growth of the fungus p. aphanidermatum in vitro

ملخص البحث :

ABSTRACT : The laboratory and field study was conducted to test the efficacy of ethanol extracts of the Chamomile plant and Propolis of a plant nature against the pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonai solani, which causes the root rot of the broad bean plant, as concentrations (0.00, 0.50, 1.00, 1.50, 3.00, 6.00)% were used in two experimental units. Both the ethanol extract of Chamomile plant and Propolis. The results of the laboratory experiment showed the effectiveness of ethanol extracts of Chamomile plant and Propolis in inhibiting the growth of pathogenic fungi R. solani and for all concentrations used, as the average of inhibition reached (7.91 and 5.78) cm for both chamomile extract and Propolis respectively. The results of the Efficiency test for the ethanol extract of chamomile and Propolis showed the concentration efficiency (6%) in preventing the growth and spread of pathogenic fungi R. solnai in the PDA growth medium, noting that there were no significant differences in the concentration (3%). As for the field experiment, the results showed the excelled of the ethanol extract of the Chamomile plant in preventing the growth and development of the pathogenic fungus R. solani through the positive results of the most important significant traits of the broad bean plant in the fresh pod’s weight, the weight of one the fresh pod, the fresh root system weight and the 1000 seed weight, with a general average of 738.24, 37.54, 6.34, 1399.91 g respectively, while the ethanol extracts of Propolis had the least effective in preventing the growth and development of the pathogenic fungus R. solani of the mentioned specific traits at a general average amounted to (672.75, 30.95, 5.96, 1392.96 g), respectively.

ملخص البحث :

Abstract:The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the water extract of Propolis, Wild mustard and dates vinegar in the inhibition of Penicillium italicum causal agent of Blue mold on a lemon fruits. The results showed that all tested extracts with concentrations 5, 10 and 15% had a high inhibitory effect against P. italicum. Dates vinegar is highly effective and showed 100% inhibition of P. italicum and protected lemon fruit from infection. First time this type of natural inhibitory water extracts are used in Iraq which resulted that the dates vinegar is the best suitable option for the management of lemon blue mold disease in post-harvest

ملخص البحث :

Abstract The study aimed to use normal and nano-chitosan at concentrations of (1, 3, 5, 10 and 15)% in stimulating acquired systemic resistance and defense responses of watermelon plants against the fungus Rhizoctonia solani that causes watermelon root rot disease under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. The estimated pathological results of R. solani showed that the germination rate of watermelon seeds was 20% compared to 100% in the comparison treatment, and the infection severity was 100.00%. The results also showed the addition of normal and nano-chitosan to the culture medium to test its effectiveness against the fungus R. solani that causes watermelon root rot disease. The results showed 2inhibition of the growth of R. solani by using concentrations of 5, 10 and 15%. The highest inhibition rate is 100.00%. pathogenic fungus under laboratory conditions. While the spraying of normal and nano-chitosan and the interaction between them on the plants treated with the pathogenic fungus achieved a significant reduction in the rate and severity of infection compared to the comparison treatment, as the infection rate was (44.44, 33.33, and 11.11)% and its severity was (15.55, 6.66 and 4.44)% for the normal and nano-chitosan and the interaction between them on The sequence compared with infection rate of 100.00 and severity of 95.55% with control treatment under greenhouse conditions. These results indicate the possibility of using regular and nano-chitosan as an alternative to chemical pesticides in the management of watermelon root rot pathogens.