ملخص البحث :

Assessment of water quality is a major step in the water industry to ensure the suitability of water for human use. In this study,statistically evaluate the quality of raw and treated drinking water of the Al-Mussaib drinking water treatment plant, Babyloncity, Iraq, from January to December 2020. Additionally, the water quality of treated water was assessed according to WorldHealth Organization (WHO) and Iraqi standards for drinking water. The results showed the plant has a good efficiency in removingthe studied parameters, such as alkalinity, calcium and hardness. It is noteworthy to mention that although the measuredconcentrations/levels met the WHO and Iraqi standards, they were higher than the favourable limits. For example, themeasured sulphate concentration in the produced water was 248 mg/L, which is higher than the favourable concentration(200 mg/L) (WHO). The statistical analysis indicated significant differences between the quality of raw and treated water(p-value ,0.05) in terms of turbidity, hardness, magnesium and dissolved solids concentrations, but there was no significantdifference (p-value .0.05) in terms of alkalinity, pH, calcium and sulphates concentrations. The results of this work could beuseful for water authorities and decision-makers in Iraq and national and international environmental agencies

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In this research the removal of sesame oil from aritifical water by Fenton process technique was investigated. The results of removal efficiency were compared with actual wastewater. Effect of time, pH, mixing speed, temperature, oil content were investigated to find the perfect circumstances. The conducted experiments revealed that the optimal conditions for this process were 160 minutes of reaction time in an acidic medium where pH was equal to 3.5, temperature was discovered to be 25 °C, the optimal mixing speed was at 500 rpm, and the Sesame oil concentration amounted to 1500 mg/l. Applying the optimal conditions for this processing, the results of compersion showed the sesame oil had a removal efficiency of 95% for the artificial wastewater in which the concentration decreased from 12800 to 68 mg/l, while the Fenton method was used to treat an actual sample of wastewater the removal efficiency is found to be 87%.

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This research aims to find a suitable transportation rate formula for bed load. Laboratory experiments were conducted in a flume for monitoring and measuring the transportation of sediment particles (bed load) which move by jumping, rolling, or sliding within the flume. This study included two parts. The first part is experimenting using a flume and tracking the particles' movement by analysing the images taken by the camera. The measurements that have been taken are the amount of accumulated bed load particles at the end of the flume, which are distributed along a certain distance during a specific time, thus obtaining measuring data about the amount of accumulated bed load and values of moving distance and the required time for accumulating the particles at the flume end. The accumulated height of bed load is also measured. These experiments were conducted at different low-flow velocities. The second part includes the expression of a formula for bed load transportation rate, which is the product of multiplying the accumulated height of bed load by the velocity of bed load particles with distance at a certain time that was devised in the first part. Through the proposed method of obtaining the measurements in the first part Analysis of bed load particle velocity was done by using (π-theorem) from the results of experiments (Cv, V, ρ, ρS, μ, ds, L). To derive the formula of accumulated bed load height at flume end along a certain distance using Rayleigh’s method and using the results of the experiment (δ, V, g, ds). Finally, there can be found an expression of the bed load transportation rate formula. Checking was made for this formula, which was compared with other researchers' equations using statically measured. It was found that the derived formula was acceptable to calculate the transportation rate of bed load.

ملخص البحث :

Wastewater management is considered to be a great challenge, particularly in towns and cities with rapidly growing population. The study aimed to assess the Al-Muamirah WW treatment plant (WWTP), located in the Babylon governorate of Iraq, in terms of its hydraulic loading as a quality performance indicator. The findings showed that there will be a significant deficit in the capacity of the plant of 20%, 32% and 37% in the year of 2024, and will cumulatively arise in 2030 to become 26%, 41.5% and 47.7% for suggested growth rates of 1.27%, 2.5% and 3.95%, respectively. The outcomes of expected amounts of daily discarded wastewater in terms of estimated population were analyzed using the ANOVA test and it was found that the population growth ratio has a significant impact on the generated inflow, as f (2,30) = 3.713, and p= 0.019 < 0.05.

ملخص البحث :

Owing to their toxicity, the existence of heavy metals in the environment has become a major global concern. In this study, the ability of albizia-lebbeck tree leaves (ALTL) as green and low cost adsorbent to remove Pb2+, Zn2+ and Cd2+ from Synthetic wastewater by adsorption was investigated. The initial metals’ concentrations of 10-80 mg/l, adsorbent dosage of 0.3-1.0 gm, pH of 3-8, contact time of 30-240 min, and shaking speed of 200 rpm, have been studied by batch adsorption technique. Four ranges of adsorbent particle size were tested: 75-150; 150-300; 300-600; 600-1000 μm. Five different temperatures (20, 30, 40, 50 and 60°C) were selected to demonstrate the influence of temperature on metals’ adsorption onto ALTL. Langmuir and Freundlich models were used to analyze the experimental data. Equilibrium data fitted well with the Freundlich isotherm model with maximum adsorption capacity of 9.124 mg/g at 20oC for metals’ concentration of 40 mg/L. Pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order equations were utilized for analysis of the kinetic data. The second-order model was fitting very well with the experimental data. Thermodynamic parameters like entropy, enthalpy and Gibbs free energy changes were estimated to determine the spontaneity of the sorption process. The results revealed that the ALTL adsorbent performed good removal of metals.

ملخص البحث :

Human and which serves to preserve the resource at the science forefront. Water of electromagnetic is old but addressed to popular the quantity of contaminants in a new way. The current study presents results related to the influence of an electromagnetic field (EMF) on synthetic water with Al2 Si2 O5 (OH)4 (represented by Turbidity). The impact of an EMF as the only factor or as an intensifying element in stainless steel packing systems that limits pollutant concentrations in the treated water was analyses. The system that combined simultaneously stainless steel filling was most efficient. The electromagnetic treatment unit was designed and constructed for testing the treatment of syntheses water having turbidity. The influence of two variables on the efficiency of contaminant elimination during the function of the electromagnetic treating unit was checked. A significant dependence between the kind of system used reactor diameter and number of electrical coil windings were observed. The results showed that the PH values remain constant with EMF. The performance of the unit is determined by turbidity, the result shows greatest efficiency removal with 99.99% at the minimum diameter (2.54 cm), 99.99% in three reactors with three different numbers of coil turns

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The opportunity of utilizing activated carbon prepared from banana peels (BPAC) as a permeable reactive barrier (PRB) to eliminate copper (Cu+2) from the contaminated ground water has been explored. The activated carbon was prepared from banana peels by chemical activation utilizing a drenching agent, for example, a phosphoric acid (H3PO4). The Influence of different factors including initial copper amount, contacting duration, agitation speed, initial pH of the solution and sorbent dosage was studied in batch experiments. The optimum magnitudes for these factors that resulted in the highest copper removing efficacy (96%) were 40 minutes, 6, 250 rpm, 50 mg/l, and 1 mg/100 ml, respectively. The isotherm models of Freundlich and Langmuir have been utilized to analyze the sorption data for Cu+2 ions acquired via batch studies. The Langmuir model has been utilized to explain the sorption of Cu+2 onto BPAC, according to the findings. The partial differential formulas that describe copper transport in one–dimensional (1D) under equilibrium conditions have been solved utilizing COMSOL Multiphysics 3.5a software based on the finite element technique. The PRB has a significant function in preventing the copper plume from moving, according to the expected findings (COMSOL solution) and experimental findings. Finally, the excellent agreement between anticipated (theoretical) and actual findings, with an RMSE of less comparison with 0.1%, demonstrated that these techniques are useful and efficient instruments for describing copper transport processes.

ملخص البحث :

Incidence of fluoride concentrations in drinking water above the allowable limit (1.5 mg/L) leads to varied health issues. However, fluoride concentration below 1.5 mg/L in drinking water is useful for teeth and bones health. A considerable concentration of fluoride is naturally released to the sources of freshwaters from the geological environment, specifically the groundwater, because of the weathering and seepage of water phenomena influences. Unfortunately, nowadays world population depend on groundwater as the main drinking water source, which means those people are exposed to fluoride contaminations. As a result, contamination of groundwater with fluoride has been lately considered as a universal grave issue. Although fluoride could be removed from drinking water using efficient methods, such as reverse osmosis and filtrations, there is a challenge to develop a cost-effective practical removal method. This study examines the efficiency of an economically-efficient a hybrid filtration cell (HFC), which utilizes limestone and activated carbons, for fluorides removal from water. Batch flow experiments were conducted using HFC to remediate artificial water from fluorides. Additionally, the influences of initial pH, initial concentration of fluoride (IFC), water temperature (WT) and adsorbent dosage (AD) were optimized, using Box–Behnken approach, to reach the highest removal of fluorides. The results demonstrated that fluoride could be completely removed from artificial water when the HFC is run at pH of 5.0, IFC of 30 mg/L, AD of 30 mg/L and WT of 313 K.

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The case study is Shatt Al – Hilla within Hilla City, where no sedimentmeasurement has been done whatsoever. Data on bed soil and expected hydraulic parameters atKm. 39.000 of Shatt Al – Hilla just at the upstream of Hilla City for the developed designdischarge of (303 m3/s) were previously investigated. The main objective of this research is toapply different commonly – used approaches worldwide to estimate the capability of analluvial channel to carry total bed – material load, taking Shatt Al – Hilla within Hilla City asthe case study. Five, somehow different formulas to estimate the bed – material load wereused. These are: Laursen 1958, Karim & Kennedy 1990, Engelund & Hansen 1967-1962,Ackers & White 1973-1990, and Yang 1973. Considering the results by Yang 1973 ofjudgment, the research indicated: 1) the expected bed – material load at the considered locationis about (200000 m3/Year). 2) Differences of results of predicting sediment load in rivers bydifferent formulas by some folds is not a surprise. 3) Measurement of sediment load atimportant locations such as those contributing to life and property in an important city (like inthe case study) is essential