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The aim of the present study is to facilitate the machining process of cast steel (HSS) through cooling and lubricating by compressed air with liquid in three directions and consisting of (oil, soap, carbolic acid, and sculpture) and was compared with the lubricant process in one direction and at different cutting speeds (2.08, 6.25, 10.4, and 14.16 m/sec). The Auto Desk Inventor programme is used to simulate the cutting process by applying cutting forces to the tool's shear surface. The interface equipment is used to measure cutting tool strains by the response of a strain gauge and the Arduino equipment to measure cutting tool temperature. In addition, the tool strain equations were used assuming that the cutting tool is fixed between the two walls (fixing region and surface of the workpiece) to get the best results at the same speed. The results refer to the lubricant in three directions, which is better than one direction due to decreasing cutting tool strain, reaction of cutting force on the shear surface of the cutting tool, and cutting tool temperature. The experimental results show that a cutting speed of 10.4 m/sec is the best for the cutting process. Furthermore, the numerical results are converged with practical results in a small correction factor (0.428), preventing the tool from vanishing.

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Organisations should select the appropriate improvement initiative that will fit with the context of organisation and provide value to the organisation. This paper presents 18 factors to be considered when selecting an organisational improvement initiative. Organisational improvement initiatives are approaches, management systems, tools and/or techniques that can be used for managing and improving organisations, such as Lean, ISO9001, Six Sigma and Improvement Team. A survey was conducted to identify the level of importance of these 18 factors as criteria for selecting an improvement initiative. Purposive sampling was used for this survey involving practitioners, managers, engineers, executives, consultants and/or academicians, who have been involved in the selection and/or implementation of organisational improvement initiatives in Malaysia. Two factors were rated as ‘very high importance’, which involve: (1) The ability to gain top management commitment and support to introduce and implement the initiative successfully, and (2) The initiative is aligned to the vision, mission and/or purpose of the organisation. All these factors can be adopted by the organisations as decision criteria to assist in the selection of the most appropriate improvement initiative based on rational decision making.

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Sheet metal is widely used in industry and in different production processes. The present work aims to reduce the bending force in the air-die bending process. Different mild steel sheet thicknesses (0.5, 0.75, 1, and 1.25 mm) were considered, and two techniques were proposed. The first technique involves an annealing process, while the second one considers cutting a rectangular hole along the bending line. The bending stress was calculated using Autodesk inventor software. The results revealed that the annealing process can provide significant ductility improvement and hence bending force reduction, and that annealing time is an important factor that influences ductility development. Moreover, cutting a hole along the bending line could reduce the bending stress and consequently the bending force. The study also reported that increasing the thickness beyond a specific value could result in a reduction in bending force instead of an increase, which is attributed to a temperature increase in the sheet and bending tool.

ملخص البحث :

For this time being; one of the main approaches in mass production is to control both quality and raw material consuming by smart design and analysis method. Estimating and controlling the main design parameters which effects on the productivity and quality, with design sensitivity analysis to control and optimize the geometry topology is the important key for any efficient manufacturing process. This article introduces a work relating to manufacturing process of a rubber pad which used in many industrial applications like automobile and aerospace by using finite element analysis. An efficient model has been created for solving this manufacturing process by using FEM. Commercial software (ABAQUS/CAE) has been adopted in this research for developing a standard design based on finite element analysis. This analysis will includes estimating and finding the effects of updating and modifying the geometry according to stresses concentration, thereby finding and specifying the main effecting parameters to estimate and determine the appropriate geometry design. One of the main objectives is to alter or modify the geometry to minimum or lowering axial stresses values, which help for increasing the service life. Study of design sensitivity is very important in improving any design through analysis process. It has been found from simulation results that effects of radius influence on stress generation is more than the effects of changing in rubber thickness. This analysis will also provide important information’s to ensure that the values of strains and stresses will not exceed the maximum range and rest in acceptable limits. Simulation results can be used to validate the experimental results and establish a new design formula through comparison. It has been found that a good relation between simulation results and experimental results. In order to increase the stiffness of the unit; steel parts are normally used and attached with rubber in many structural applications to bond and support the structure. The bonding between steel part and rubber will be stronger than the rubber material and will be very efficient with good suitability to attach during molding process.