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The cyclophosphamide is commonly used for the treatment of cancer and immunosuppressive diseases in young and old age and can induce oxidative stress in reproductive organs, therefore has adverse effects on sperm quality and quantity. In this study, the effects of a single dose of cyclophosphamide on sperm parameters in adult male mice that treated with 10 mg/kg of this drug on the 11th embryonic day were investigated. Adult female pregnant NMRI mice were divided into 2 groups; the control group received saline and the cyclophosphamide group received cyclophosphamide at a dose of 10 mg / kg on day 11th of gestation (i.p). 60 days after the birth of the infants, male mice were sacrificed and the sperm collected from cauda of epididymis for sperm parameters study. Cyclophosphamide administration resulted in a decrease in body and testicular weight, viability, motility, and count of sperm (p≤ 0.05), and an increase in sperm head, neck and tail abnormality (p≤ 0.05). It was concluded that the cyclophosphamide, has long-term destructive effects on sperm parameters and these effects can be continuing after puberty.

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The point of the current examination be situated to explore the changes of oxidative pressure, biochemical constraints in trial contamination brought about by Toxoplasma gondii in gravid lady . An aggregate of 80 gravid ladies without infection (control gathering) and 80 gravid lady with infection (infection gathering), were utilized in the examination. The gravid lady were contaminated with T. gondii in Al-dewnayah city. blood tests gathered MDA focuses and superoxide dismutase (Grass), AST and ALT exercises, all out protein and egg whites were resolved. Other than. AST and ALT exercises and MDA focuses and expanded essentially in tainted gathering when contrasted with control. In tainted gathering, Grass exercises and egg whites fixations diminished when contrasted with control. The consequences of this investigation propose that oxidative pressure, biochemical modifications and IgG, IgM may add to the pathogenesis of toxoplasmosis in gravid lady.

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Here in this paper, we are going to discuss about the Molecular characteristics Trichophyton rubum fromstrains isolated. We conducted the study in the Al-Dewaniyah General Hospital and found positivity of demrmatophytic charactersin only 5 clinical samples out of 30 against the micro and macroscopic biochemical tests. Isolated colonies were found in whiteand brown color there in every surface. The colonies also shown a cottony texture and got changed in a powdery-granular colonyafter incubation of 3-7 days. Our microscopic experiment was appeared in single-celled. There we found the microconidia whichare spherical shaped in clustered shape in each side of hyphae. During the formation of granular colonies, we also saw spiralhyphae and macroconidia, which shaped as multi-septate cigar. Biochemical analysis also showed positive result in case ofurease. Utilizing the primers set of ITS1 and ITS4 the molecular identifications gets carried through the PCR protocol and forall isolates it makes a result of 700bp on the gel electrophoresis.

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The World Health Organization defines the diabetic foot as a “situation of infection, ulceration or also destruction of tissues depths of the feet, associated with abnormalities neurological and varying degrees of vascular disease peripheral in the lower limbs of patients with Diabetes Mellitus. The objective of the work was identify the prevalence of microorganisms that caused infections in diagnosed patients with diabetic foot treated at the Regional Al-Dewaniyah Hospital, Iraq, during the year 2020. Descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective study. The sampling was non-probabilistic, for convenience, and 115 samples corresponding to 94 patients. Of the 94 patients with diabetic foot, 52% were mens. 25% of infections occurred in patients aged 51 to 60 years. 21 different microorganisms were isolated in the 115 samples. 80% (75) were monomicrobial, and 20% (40) polymicrobial. Among the Gram positives, the most frequently isolated microorganism was the Staphylococcus aureus 19% (22) and Enterococcus spp. 6% (6) and among the Gram negative were the Klebsiella pneumoniae13% (16) and Acinetobacter spp. 12% (14). The results of sensitivity tests antimicrobial agents showed that 100% of the S. aureus strains were resistant to Oxacillin and high resistance of K. pneumoniae strains to Cephalosporins. Acinetobacter Strains spp. were 100% resistant to cephalosporins and Piperacillin. Isolated microorganisms and antimicrobial resistance profile as the same present coincide with the bibliography, and it is very important to implement prevention programs this pathology in order to avoid amputations in this type of patients.

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The present study was conducted for the purpose of verifying the effect of silver nanomaterial and comparing it with mint leaf extract on male rats treated with ethidium bromide. Where 50 male rats were selected and divided into 5 groups as follows:Control group 10 males rats gavage distilled water for 30 days, Ethidium bromide group 10 males rats gavage distilled water for 30 days, Ethidium bromide and mint leaf extract(40g/L) group 10 males rats for 30 days, Ethidium bromide and silver nanoparticle group 10 males rats for 30 days, Ethidium bromide and (silver nanoparticle, mint leaf extract) group 10 males rats for 30 days.And after sacrificed males rats we collected tissues samples from testis to extraction of RNA to evaluated of LH,FSH and testosterone by qPCR technique and tissues to make tissues section to knowledge changes in testis. The results of the current study, which was conducted on male rats, showed that there is a positive effect of mint leaves extract as well as a negative effect of silver nanoparticles on the level of gene expression for all study groups in each of the LH hormone, FSH hormone and testosterone compared to the control group as shown in the Fig 1,2 and 3. And showed in figure 4, several normal seminiferous tubules with normal spermatogonia cell, normal Sertoli cells, normal germ cell layer with normal maturation stages; interstitial spaces show an area of interstitial congestion; the lumen devoid of spermatozoa with interstitial congestion; normal seminiferous tubules with normal spermatogonia cell, normal Sertoli cells, and normal germ cell layer; maturation arrest of tubules and mild interstitial congestion; seminiferous tubules with atrophy exhibiting thick double cell layers indicative of cessation of spermatogenesis.

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Molecular diagnosis for aspergillosis is less monitored due to the poor culture yield of Aspergillus spp. To estimate better this shortcoming, the Aspergillus spp. was detected and confirmed through respiratory samples from critically ill patients of Adewaniya city at the high risk of Aspergillosis. The study aimed to notice risk factors, clinical features, management, and outcomes in critically ill patients. PCR technology was used for the diagnosis of invasive Aspergillosis. For this purpose, initially,Magna pure LC instrument was used for automated extraction of fungal DNA of Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus niger. Assay took 5-6 hours to perform. Oligonucleotide probes and primers were derived from the DNA sequence of 18S rRNA genes of varieties of fungal pathogens for species detection and identification. The database was used to assess fungal infection of Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus nigerfrom samples of respiratory secretions of 100 (50% male, 50% female, between age 40-50) critically ill patients admitted in ICU.PCR assay gave high sensitivity and specificity for detection and identification of Aspergillus spp.from the fluid of respiratory tract of critically ill patients in the hospital ICU.

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Silver has antimicrobial properties that are very effective. At the moment, the nanoplate is on behalf ofaround a fifth of all nano-materials on the market that are the most generous nano-material. The aim of this paperis to investigate the possible use of novel SNPs in oenology as an alternative to the application of sulphites as anantibiotic agent. Firstly, the synthesis and characterization of two silver substances: PEG-Ag NPs 1 and GSH-AgNPs 2 with solid nanoparticles backed by glutathione. At this time its antimicrobial activity was measuredagainst 11 forms, Lactic bacteria and acetic bacteria are included. Bacterial inhibition parameters, which showthat nanomaterials with base coatings of both soluble polymers (polyethylene glycol and glutathione) have thepotential to prevent the growth of both types of bacteria and, specifically, the inhibitory effect of potassiummetabisulfite on acetic bacteria, are superior. The mechanism of antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles hasalso been studied, in which changes in the plasma sheath of the bacterial cell tend to lose cell viability and vitalcell functions.

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Covid-19 is a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) which targets the respiratory systemof the body and spreading very rapidly throughout the world. Currently, Covid-19 is globally affecting health systems,social life and economy of a country. Although it has no treatment but the whole world is trying to produce promisingvaccines to overcome its deadly effects. The main objective of this study is to acknowledge the reoccurrence of covid-19 with associated risk factors in Iraqi communities after getting one of three covid vaccines such as Sinopharm(inactivated vaccine), AstraZeneca-Oxford (vector vaccine) and Pfizer-BioNTech (mRNA-based vaccine). Thesevaccines induce potent neutralizing antibody (Nab) against the emerging variants of novel SARS-CoV-2 which helps inprevention of spreading of disease. About 2.5% of individuals showed severe effects while other 97.5% showed no lifethreateningside effects e.g., chills, fever, fatigue, headache and myalgia which last for about 24 hours after vaccination.Biochemical analysis of blood cells, platelets, sedimentation factor and CRP proteins showed increased response ofbody against inflammation. Low to moderate adverse effects at post vaccination represent the strengthening of immunesystem. Covid-19 vaccines are safe to take and vaccinated individuals have least chances of reoccurrence of Covid-19infections.