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OBJECTIVES: to evaluate the detection rate and treatment outcomes among TB (tuberculosis) patients in Al-Najaf TB center and compare these outcomes with WHO (World Health Organization) targets. METHODOLOGY: Cohort study was conducted during the period between January 2012 to December 2012, for patients attending TB center in AL-Najaf Province. The collected data were analyzed for treatment and retreatment outcomes, treatment and retreatment success rates. RESULTS: 162 TB cases were enrolled in the present study, and the patients were distributed according to age into seven age groups. The young and middle age groups (15-24 and 25-34 years interval) showed higher frequencies of cases (20.4% and 23.5%, respectively) than other age groups. The male to female ratio was 1.7: 1. The case detection rate was 34.6% as only 56 out of 162 cases were sputum-smear positive for AFB (acid-fast bacilli), and they were followed in the present study. Treatment outcomes—cured, completed treatment, defaulter, treatment failure, died and transfer out of 56 patients are 69.6%, 9%, 16%, 3.6%, 0.0% and 1.8%, respectively, whereas retreatment outcomes—cured, completed treatment, defaulter, treatment failure, died and transfer out are 50%, 0.0%, 50%, 0.0%, 0.0%, 0.0%, respectively. The DOTS (directly observed treatment short course) treatment success rate 75% and the retreatment success rate was 49%. CONCLUSION: All the estimations of detection rate, success rate of treatment and retreatment outcomes were lower than that of WHO targets. RECOMMENDATIONS: Improving success rate through overcoming obstacles that …

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Drinking water must not have a special taste or odor, be pure, constant at chemical compound, and not contain pathogenic bacteria, parasites and toxic substances. In this cross-sectional study was carried out for tested some of Iraqi drinking water parameters for detect if a present correlation between of combined chlorine (in active chlorine) and thermotolerant (faecal) coliforms the indicator bacteria in drinking water of some neighbourhoods in Al-Najaf city, according to recommendations by the World Health Organization (WHO) and Iraqi water parameters in assessment of drinking water quality. The study was lasted from (1/8/2016 to 1/11/2016). Samples was collected from fifteen neighborhoods of Al-Najaf city, some important chemical drinking water quality parameters, of ((total chlorine, free chlorine, and combined chlorine)), were examined at the field of the sample locations, through use of portable digitize devise and Bacteria of thermotolerant (faecal) coliforms was tested in the laboratory. The study shows that an increasing of total chlorine mean of (1.95 ppm) more than of free chlorine mean of (1.44 ppm) in all fifteen samples locations of Al-Najaf city. The present study shows a fifteen neighborhoods of Al-Najaf city under studied that was giving a combined chlorine value of more than (1 ppm) and mean of (1.5 ppm). The study find out a highly growth of indicator bacteria (thermotolerant coliforms) with a mean of (36.6) in all studied sample locations of the fifteen neighborhoods of AL-Najaf city. There was no any effect of disinfectant action by present free chlorine residual in all fifteen neighborhoods of al-Najaf city although of mean reach at (1.44 ppm). The study discovered a relationship between a combined chlorine and thermotolerant (faecal) coliforms through direct strongly correlated at (r = 0.967) in all studied sample locations of the fifteen neighborhoods of AL-Najaf city. The study recommends for an effective measures must be taken to improve diagnostic procedures when monitoring of drinking water in all neighborhoods of Al-Najaf city, and Increasing the efficiency of chlorine as disinfectant and its residual through readjustment of Iraqi chlorine parameters to accommodate with water nature of all governorate.

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Aim of the study: Pneumonia remains the leading killer of young children despite the availability of: simple, safe, effective and inexpensive interventions to reduce its capacity to kill. Objective:-The aim of the study is to tracing of pneumonia disease in relation with some socioeconomic factors in children under five years. Methodology:-A descriptive study was carried out in Al-Zahraa and Al-Hakeem Hospital for the period of 1/10/2012 to 28/3/2013. A purposive (non probability) sample of (100) patients was included. Questionnaire was constructed for the purpose of the study, data were collected through the application of the questionnaire and interview technique. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistical approach (pie and bar chart) and inferential statistical approach (t-Test) by using of (SPSS version 17). Results: The study results indicated that the highly percentage of pneumonia patients was in age group of (0-1 year),(83%) and it gave a highly statistical significant deference (HS= P< 0.001). The highly percentage of pneumonia patients (86%) was in low income more than another incomes and it gave a highly statistical significant deference (HS= P< 0.001). The highly percentage of causes of pneumonia was bacteria (90%), in comparison with another causes and it gave a highly statistical significant deference (HS= P< 0.001). The highly percentage of pneumonia patients was in male (62%), than female (38%), and it gave a statistical significant deference (H= P< 0.05). The highly percentage in distribution of pneumonia patients was in urban area (91%), than rural area (9%), and it gave a highly statistical significant deference (HS= P< 0

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In this experimental study, we focused on methods of infection control through traditional disinfectant, in an attempt to contain the spread of the disease, which is increasing around the world. Previous studies focused on the different versions of the Coronavirus that appeared from 2003, and the results were similar in terms of prevalence and ways to resist infection on contaminated surfaces, so we assume that these conclusions apply to the new version of the virus because it belongs to the same family of Corona. The study conducted on different disinfection solutions have shown that antiseptics contain The Sodium Hypochlorite of concentration (0.1%) is a magic way for killing covid19 or Coronavirus, this concentration was done by mixing different quantity of bleach and water to reach the right concentration of (0.1%) of Sodium Hypochlorite; of a mix (100 ml) of bleach bottle of (1%) with (900 ml) of water, mix (50ml) of bleach bottle of (2%) with (950 ml) of water, mix (33 ml) of bleach bottle of (3%) with (967 ml) of water, mix (25 ml) of bleach bottle of (4%) with (975 ml) of water, and mix (20 ml) of bleach bottle of (5%) with (980 ml) of water. The (concentration 0.1%) effective against coronaviruses. According to various studies, if infected contaminated surfaces and areas are cleared with appropriate concentrations of these disinfectants, they reduce the number of infectious coronaviruses particles to only a few within one minute. So it is very easy to eliminate them with disinfectants of any type affect this virus and reduce its focus on surfaces, but It is preferable to be in suitable concentrations, to eliminate the virus.