ملخص البحث :

Aspergillus fumigatus is a ubiquitous opportunistic pathogen. We have previously reported that volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by A. fumigatus cause delays in metamorphosis, morphological abnormalities, and death in a Drosophila melanogaster eclosion model. Here, we developed A. fumigatus deletion mutants with blocked oxylipin biosynthesis pathways (∆ppoABC) and then exposed the third instar larvae of D. melanogaster to a shared atmosphere with either A. fumigatus wild-type or oxylipin mutant cultures for 15 days. Fly larvae exposed to VOCs from wild-type A. fumigatus strains exhibited delays in metamorphosis and toxicity, while larvae exposed to VOCs from the ∆ppoABC mutant displayed fewer morphogenic delays and higher eclosion rates than the controls. In general, when fungi were pre-grown at 37 °C, the effects of the VOCs they produced were more pronounced than when they were pre-grown at 25 °C. GC–MS analysis revealed that the wild-type A. fumigatus Af293 produced more abundant VOCs at higher concentrations than the oxylipin-deficient strain Af293∆ppoABC did. The major VOCs detected from wild-type Af293 and its triple mutant included isopentyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, 2-methylbutanal, acetoin, and 1-octen-3-ol. Unexpectedly, compared to wild-type flies, the eclosion tests yielded far fewer differences in metamorphosis or viability when flies with immune-deficient genotypes were exposed to VOCs from either wild-type or ∆ppoABC oxylipin mutants. In particular, the toxigenic effects of Aspergillus VOCs were not observed in mutant flies deficient in the Toll (spz6) pathway. These data indicate that the innate immune system of Drosophila mediates the toxicity of fungal volatiles, especially via the Toll pathway.

ملخص البحث :

We investigate the physiological efficacy of encapsulated curcumin in the treatment of adult Albino Wistar rats with phenylhydrazine (PHZ)-induced hemolytic anemia. Thirty adult male rats were employed in this investigation, and randomly parted into five groups. One was used as a negative control group (NCG) and fed on chow and water. Animals in the T1 group received an i.p PHZ (40mg/kg B.W) for two days; those in the T2 group received PHZ (40 mg/kg) and oral curcumin at 50 mg/kg daily for four weeks; and those in the T3 and T4 groups received PHZ (40 mg/kg) and phytosome-loaded curcumin at 25 & 50 mg/Kg daily for four weeks, respectively. All of the animals were sacrificed as the experimentation done. Haematological parameters were done for additional biochemical analyses. Analyses of cytogenic activity and hematological parameters were assessed. The current study shows that loaded curcumin on phytosomes with a sufficient polydisperssin index maintains the stability of phytosomes and exhibits a strong ability to attenuate the anemic effects caused by phenyl hydrazine. This might hold out the possibility of developing a fresh approach to treating various pathological and physiological anemia forms. Ultimately, we discovered that phytosom was easily loaded and enclosed within an appropriate size and shape. By enhancing hematological parameters in addition to its physiological role in reducing the genotoxic effect of phenylhyrazine, curcumin and its liposome are regarded as an effective treatment for anemia in rats.