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Background: Obesity is characterized as a medical problem. It is the accumulation of excess fat in the body tissues and may have unfavorable effects on human well-being. Body mass index (BMI) is determined by dividing a person's weight by the square of the person's height. A person with a BMI of 25–30 kg/m2 is labeled as overweight, and a BMI of over 30 kg/m2 is obese. Objective: This investigation aims to determine the nutritional status of students and employees of Al-Kufa Institute at AL-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, located in Al Najaf Ashraf province. Methodology: A cross-sectional research was carried out at Al-Kufa Institute, AL-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University in Al Najaf province. This investigation was carried out from 24/12/2018 to 1/4/2018. Samples comprised of the students and the staff of Al- Kufa institute at AL-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University in Al Najaf Ashraf province, Iraq. Findings: This investigation indicated that the overweight prevalence in our sample was 31%, while obesity was 20.3%. 29.7% of the males were overweight, and 21.1% of them were obese. On the other hand, 34.1% of females were overweight and 18.7% of them were obese. It also was found that the overweight and obesity prevalence was increased in the youth category (18-28 years) and there is a correlation between age and nutritional status (p =0.001). 61.2% of overweight and obese respondents were smokers. This study recommended that the age group of 18-28 years is at risk of obesity, and employees should follow a diet, reduce the amount of internet use and video games, and make compulsory training exercises course.

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Abstract Chickenpox disease is one of a highly infectious disease caused by the virus called varicella zoster .Chickenpox is spread through coughing and sneezing, and through direct contact with fluids in rashes. Most people who are vulnerable to chickenpox are children, especially those under 12 years old. Objectives: The study aim determine the effective of education programs on teachers’ knowledge toward children with of chickenpox disease at Primary schools in Al-Najaf governorate and the relationship between teachers’ knowledge with their demographic variables. Methodology: A quasi experimental studies was carried out at Primary schools in Al-Najaf governorate from January 2019, to the end of April 2020, the sample was collected in a purposive random sample comprised with 12 schools, identified the number of teachers selected from each school was 45, the data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of two main parts, the first part related to the social and demographic characteristics of teachers, and the second part concerned teachers’ knowledge about the prevention of chickenpox and then an educational program was established to increase the awareness and knowledge of teachers towards the prevention of chickenpox. Results: The results showed that most of the samples (37.8%) were aged between (41- 50) years. For the number of years of service, the greatest percentage (35.6%) of the sample ranged from 1 to 10 years, the study also showed that 100% of the questions were answered by the teachers after the impact of the educational program. Conclusion: The study concludes that the effectiveness of an education program toward teacher’s knowledge, which is concerned with chickenpox, is positive at a high rate. Keywords: Knowledge, Chickenpox, Prevention, Al-Najaf governorat

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Abstract.Background:Science teachers are the closest to health. Teachers must be aware of the transitional diseases prevalent within school setting. As well as to provide educational lessons on ways of transmission and reduce the incidence of infection and explain the importance of vaccines that consider primary prevention about transmission disease and this is done through coordination with the centers of primary health care in Iraq. Methods and material of Study: The study design for this study is quiz- experimental that conducted at education directorate in Al-Muthanna City, during March 5th 2018 to March 15th 2019, to determine of effect education program upon science teacher knowledge about immunization and immunity. A total of (78)Science instructors (males and females) were chosen from a cluster sample. Data was collected using a questioner format. The questioner validity it was determined by a panel of specialists in the field of research, while the reliability was determined via a pilot research done in (10)schools from April 8th to April 14th, 2018. Results: the study results indicate by their demographics data is ages (52%) are them (41- more than) years old within age group. In regards to gender, 79.5 percent of teachers were female. Nearly half of the teachers (48.7%) had received their education from the Institute. Regarding the address,most of teachers setting in the urban (91%). The majority of teachers(84.6%) were married, according to their marital status. Regarding employee status, most of teachers (82.1%) were permanent employee. Also, there are significantand different between pre and post-test in our study results at p. value 0.001.Conclusion: through our study resultcane conclude, most of the study sample were age 41 years old and female and have level of education is instituteand live in urban area. The study sample have little knowledge about immunity and immunization, so all the teacher science need to education program to elevate of awareness about immunization and immunity for communicable disease. Recommendation: The study suggests that the Ministries of Health and Education work together to developa standardized book for primary schools about infectious diseases and how to avoid and manage them through vaccination and immunity. Increase the number of science instructors who are enrolled in training sessions on communicable illness prevention for all primary school teachers.

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Abstract---Background:- Illness control policies and practices are employed in hospitals and other human and animal health care facilities to limit the risk of infection spread. Infection control is a term that is commonly used in the health-care profession and is an important aspect of it. It is responsible for all aspects of health, welfare, and staff safety. In the early 1950s, infection control became a formal institution in the United States. A small number of hospitals had begun to detect healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and implement infection-control techniques by the late 1950s and early 1960s. Objective:- To investigate of Factors effect on infection control and safety measures among health care providers and to compare Factors effect with related to infection control and safety measures among health care providers at hemodialysis unit in government and private, and to discover the relationship between characetristics of demographic with infection control and safety measures among health care providers. Method of study: ــThe research was conducted out using a comparative study design. These study to investigate of Factors effect on infection control and safety measures among health care providers.

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Parents receive twice what their child gets if gets sick, so how about if the disease is a genetic blood disease. Parents who have an affected child will suffer as their child suffers, and perhaps more than him, because this disease may lead to the death of their child (1). Objective: the study aim to assess parents' psychological distress and coping strategies related to children with inherited blood disease. Methods: A Descriptive study design to assess the parents' psychological distress and its coping strategies related to children with hereditary blood diseases. Had been applied during the period 28 ͭͪFebruary 2022 to 3 ͭ ͪ December 2022. Non-probability (purposive) sample of (60) Parents were chosen from the Al-Zahra Teaching Hospital for Maternity and Children's in Thalassemia Center. (22 fathers and 38 mothers). The questionnaire used are the Parental Stress Scale (PSS) to assess the psychological distress and coping strategies were assessed by the brief cope. Results: 96.6% of parents try to be reassured in their religion or spiritual beliefs and always adapt to them. And 92% of parents always pray and hope. 36.7% of parents feel tired without a valid reason during the past thirty days. 40% of parents feel all the time that everything is stressful (effortless). There is a statistical significant relationship between parents’ coping strategies with regard to their gender, residency. There is a statistical significant relationship between parents’ psychological distresses with regard to their educational level, occupation, monthly income. Conclusion: The majority of parents try to be reassured in their religion or spiritual beliefs and always adapt to them, due to our cultural attribute as Muslim can help individuals intolerance life stress. And most of parents always praying or meditating. Parents always receive emotional support. And most of parents focus their efforts on doing something about the subject they are always.

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ABSTRACT Thalassemia is a hereditary condition that affects the formation of globin chains. Beta thalassemia is characterized by either a total loss of manufacture globin (β-thalassemia major) or a partial loss of globin manufacture (β- thalassemia minor). This type of inherited anemias is found in Mediterranean and Southeast Asian communities. Objective: Assessment of parents' knowledge regarding home health care management related to children with β- Thalassemia Major. Methodology: A descriptive study design was carried out at Thalassemia Center in Al-Najaf City during the periods 25 February 2021 to 15 March 2022. Non-probability (purposive) sample of (35) parents were selected from thalassemia center (22 mothers and 13 fathers). Results: The finding shows that 77.1% of parents are resident in urban. The monthly income, over than half (54.3%) of parents consider their income to be barely sufficient. The sources of information about disease among parents; (88.6%) of parents are getting information from medical team. The parents are demonstrating poor knowledge level in most domains about home health care management of child with beta thalassemia major. Conclusion: The current study shows that there is a significant inadequacy in the parents' knowledge of the child with beta thalassemia major. Recommendation: Providing educational guidelines, posters, pamphlets and manuals about thalassemia and should be available at each parents in wards and encourage parents to get use from them.