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Abstract: Sex hormones and chronic respiratory diseases play a role in the pathogenesis and the management of Covid-19 infection. Present research tries to shed light on the role of sex hormones, bronchial asthma and lung cancer on the severity of Covid-19 infection and the resulting mortality rate. This study included a follow-up of the health status of 85 patients infected with Covid-19, and all the patients previously diagnosed had hereditary respiratory diseases (bronchial asthma (64) and lung cancer (21)). The serum level of progesterone and testosterone and the stages of lung cancer development were measured in the laboratories of Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital. After conducting medical examinations, computed tomography and x-rays, the severity of Covid-19 infection was classified according to the WHO to moderate, severe and critical infection. The current results showed that most of the hospitalized cases were males (65%) with a death rate (18%), so bronchial asthma was associated with the death rate in males (70% of dead males), followed by postmenopausal (POM) women (66.7% of the dead woman), while pre-menopausal (PRM) women had the highest cure rate (100%). The results of the study showed that the rise in the mean of progesterone in PRM (13.55 ng/ml) was associated with moderate symptoms of Covid-19, while the increased testosterone in males and POM (1018 ng/dL and 67.3 ng/dL, respectively) was associated with an increase in the severity of the infection. In conclusion, asthma and high testosterone directly affected the increase in the severity of Covid-19 and the high mortality rate among the Corona sufferers. While advanced lung cancer had a clear role in that, at the same time, progesterone appeared as a protective factor in young women.

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Background: “Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is predisposed by environmental and hereditary factors" .A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 33 gene (ADAM33) has been one of the most stimulating gene for asthma since of their first association with the disease in Caucasian population". "Recently, ADAM33 was shown to be associated with decrease of lung function and COPD. The target of this study was to evaluate the potential correlation between polymorphisms of ADAM33 and COPD in Iraqi" population. Methods: This study included, 400 cases of COPD and 400 healthy individuals as control group. “Two polymorphic loci (V4 and Q-1) of ADAM33 were selected for genotyping that determined by using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Results: “Statistically significant distinctions in the distribution of the wild and mutant genotypes between patients and control. In addition, significant association (P <0. 0001) between COPD and mutant genotypes (V4/GG and Q-1/AA) are detected. Conclusion: The results of this study designate that ADAM33/V1 and Q-1 polymorphisms is a hazard factor for COPD among Iraqi society

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Background: silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have attracted significant interest in the field of biomedical applications and there are many methods for AgNPs synthesis. Biosynthesis of AgNPs is the most common method in in the last period. Current study aimed to determine effect of different biosynthesis methods for AgNPs on their antibacterial activity. Methods: AgNPs biosynthesis by three methods include; extract of white rot fungal strain Ganoderma enigmaticum (A), leaves of corn plant Zea mays (B) and root of Rhazya stricta plant (D). Characteristics of biosynthesis AgNPs are detected by UV-Vis spectrophotometry (UV-Vis), Field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Antibacterial activity of biosynthesized AgNPs tested against five isolates of Escherichia coli (E. coil) and 5 isolates of staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) isolated from patients diagnosed with urinary tract infection (UTI) by disk diffusion method. Results: AgNPs biosynthesis by plant extracts have the best inhibition effect on bacteria isolates in compared with fungal extract when AgNPs biosynthesized by Corn plant (B) have the highest antibacterial effect against E. coil and S. aureus (19.55±1.95 and 25.33±2.15 respectively) followed by AgNPs biosynthesis by Rhazya stricta plant (D) (15.71±1.21 and15.61±0.43 respectively). In compared with E. coil, S. aureus more effected by most antibacterial agents that used in this study but statically significant appeared toward B only (p=0.047). Conclusion: activity of biosynthesis AgNPs different according to materials which used for producing AgNPs in biosynthesis method.

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Abstract. The frightening spread of antibiotic resistance among infectious bacteria is one of the most important challenges facing health and the environment, which in turn burdens the economies of all countries of the world, and this in turn hinders the sustainable development goals of those countries. Moreover, Iraq is at the forefront of the countries where the ineffectiveness of most drugs is increasing as a consequences of the misuse of antibiotics represented in the overuse of antibiotics and not following the doctor ’s prescription, as well as their overuse in аnima1 feed and agriculture. Due to the importance of this topic and because it was not studied in Iraq, we designed this study to highlight the impact of antibiotic-resistance on sustainable development goals in Iraq

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ABSTRACT Background: Hematuria is one of the cases that has started to increase in newborns, but studies on the causes and treatment of this condition are very limited, especially in Iraq. Therefore, the current study aims to determine the prevalence of this condition and monitor its causes and appropriate treatment. Methods: The current study includes the collection of questionnaires and medical examinations from 35 newborns (ages between 2 hours to 2.5 months) suffering from hematuria for various reasons. Samples were collected during the period from 2/1/2021 to 28/3/2021, and information and examinations for each diseased case were collected. Results: The results of the study showed that most of the newborns had gross hematuria (91%) compared to microhematuria (9%), especially males and that the main causes of hematuria in newborns were due to bacterial septicemia (37%) and urinary tract infections (32%), congenital malformations (14%), and renal artery thrombosis (11%). The results also showed that most of the children who suffer from hematuria whose mothers suffer from health problems during pregnancy, the most important of which are anemia (31.4%), urinary tract infection (UTI) (14.2%) and gestational diabetes (14.2%). The results of this study also showed that the treatment of hematuria depends on the diagnosis of the pathogen, and the CT scan was a basic examination for all cases, in addition to that, the microscopic examination and the culture of urine were also used. Antibiotics and surgeries were the appropriate treatment in most cases of hematuria. In conclusion, blood in urine is a pathological condition that needs diagnosis and treatment as soon as possible to avoid complications or disorders that may threaten the newborn’s life

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Abstract Background Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease primarily re￾sulting from interactions between genetic and environmental factors, in which immunological mediators and cells play a crucial role. This study aimed to determine the role of IL-13 and eosinophilia in adult asthmatic patients. Methods This case-control study was conducted on 69 patients (48 fe￾males, 21 males) with acute bronchial Asthma and their age range (18-70). Other 20 healthy subjects (11 females and 9 males) were included as a control group. The optical density of IL-13 in serum was detected by ELISA technique and from which IL-13 was evaluated according to stan￾dard carve. A complete blood count was performed for all blood samples to detect eosinophils number (cell/µl) by the RUBY system. Results The results of the study showed that 31.9% of the patients were in the age group of (20-35) years, 27.5% of the patients had clini￾cal manifestations in the age >20 years, and 69.6% of patients were fe￾males. Significant association of gender and age for cases and controls not demonstrated (p-value = 0.23 and 0.83 respectively). This study detected the distinct role of IL-13 and eosinophil in cases of Asthma compared to healthy controls (P value <0.001) and showed the gradual high of IL-13 in serum associated with an ordered increase in eosinophil count in peripheral blood.

ملخص البحث :

Background Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease primarily re- sulting from interactions between genetic and environmental factors, in which immunological mediators and cells play a crucial role. This study aimed to determine the role of IL-13 and eosinophilia in adult asthmatic patients. Methods This case-control study was conducted on 69 patients (48 fe- males, 21 males) with acute bronchial Asthma and their age range (18-70). Other 20 healthy subjects (11 females and 9 males) were included as a control group. The optical density of IL-13 in serum was detected by ELISA technique and from which IL-13 was evaluated according to stan- dard carve. A complete blood count was performed for all blood samples to detect eosinophils number (cell/µl) by the RUBY system. Results The results of the study showed that 31.9% of the patients were in the age group of (20-35) years, 27.5% of the patients had clini- cal manifestations in the age >20 years, and 69.6% of patients were fe- males. Significant association of gender and age for cases and controls not demonstrated (p-value = 0.23 and 0.83 respectively). This study detected the distinct role of IL-13 and eosinophil in cases of Asthma compared to healthy controls (P value <0.001) and showed the gradual high of IL-13 in serum associated with an ordered increase in eosinophil count in peripheral blood