ملخص البحث :

In recent years, Iraq has experienced an increase in seismic activity, especially, near the east boundary with Iran. Previous studies present their results in terms of PGA and for return periods of 500 years and less, and other studies not continued to include the whole PSHA process whereas some recent studies continued to include the whole PSHA process using earthquakes data till 2009 including dependent events. This study includes twomain stages, the first is collecting the earthquakes records including the recent events till the end ofMarch 2016 and applying data processing to get the net catalog to independent events. The second stage is applying the steps of PSHA method. Matlab programs have been built to execute these two stages and to convert the results of PSHA computations into contours of 5% damping PGA and spectral accelerations at 0.2 and 1.0 s for a return period of 2475 years, and for rock sites. Also, spectral acceleration against period has been presented for main cities. Also, the PGA map, for a return period of 475 years, has been plotted and then prepared together with similar maps of neighbor countries in one map for comparison. In general, this comparison indicates the similarity in behavior but, the values reveal a relative agreement and they are between Turkish and Iranian values.

ملخص البحث :

Recently, Iraq has experienced an unprecedented seismic activity, specifically, near the east boundary with Iran which reveals the need to re-evaluate the seismic hazard at this region. This study consists of two phases. The first is collecting the earthquake records covering the recent events till the end of November 2017 including the 12 November 2017 (7.3Mw) earthquake, and applying data processing to get the net data for independent events for the study area which were more than 4300 of net main earthquakes of Mw ≥ 4 and were used in the second phase. The second phase is applying the PSHA method by dividing the study area into a grid of small cells of size 0.5×0.5°and the hazard parameters were calculated at the center of each of these grid cells then, converting the final results to contours over the study area. It is found that the values increases towards the east-northeast and north due to the continued tectonic boundary convergence between the Arabian, Iranian and Turkish plates which produces intense earthquake activity. The design spectral acceleration at 0.2 and 1.0 seconds found to be 0.33, 0.17, 0.47, 0.25, 0.71, 0.35 g for Basra, Baghdad and Erbil, respectively. The comparison between the PGA values from this study and from the seismic hazards maps from Iraqi seismic codes of 1989, 1997 and 2016, for return periods of 475 and 2475 years, reveals the continued increase with time which reveals the need to updating the seismic hazard maps continuously.

ملخص البحث :

Recently, Iraq has experienced an increase in seismic activity, especially, near the east boundary with Iran which enhanced the need to study its effect on the behavior of buildings. In this study, a comprehensive methodology was applied to investigate the behavior of a moment frame system with respect to its height after subjected to the design ground motion at Baghdad according to the recently developed seismic hazard maps and, after developing and designing the required configurations of archetype models, specifying life safety as an aimed performance level, modeling nonlinearity and applying the nonlinear static analysis (NSP) according to ASCE/SEI41-13, FEMA356 and FEMA P-695. This methodology is started by sizing members cross-sectional dimensions and applying reinforcement detailing requirements according to ACI318-14. Results show that, for a given building height and number of bays, inelastic drifts increase with decreasing the bay width because the overall building stiffness is decreased and it will be more slender, and consequently, the P- delta effects increased. Also, as the building height increased, both, target and minimum shear capacities decrease and the target displacement increases under the effect of the same earthquake ground motion. Consequently, a necessary limitation on the height of these buildings were deduced to ensure their ability to withstand the future ground shaking and, in the same time, maintaining the life safety performance level of damage. Where, it is found that the maximum allowed heights of framed buildings in Baghdad are 17, 25 and 32 stories for 6, 7.5 and 9 m bay widths, respectively.

ملخص البحث :

This study explores the state of knowledge and state of practices regarding the use of strain gauges in road applications. It outlines the many types of strain gauges that have been used, there properties and how they are installed, pavement design evaluation for pavement with embedded sensors, the types of application in which strain gauges have been used and laboratory and field performance of different strain gauges embedded into the pavement. Typically, pavement construction with strain gauges are designed using same procedures as traditional pavement. The only common addition is how to introduce strain gauges to the pavement. A great deal of research has been conducted on the use of sensors in roads. Much of this research has focused on the laboratory and field benefit of using sensor in evaluating pavement performance. The results of this research have been mixed, especially regarding the use of sensors. The information reported here shows a number of gaps in the state of knowledge. It was found that the information to address the gaps was lacking or inconsistent. Although, the use of strain gauges to monitor road conditions in some application is quite well established and clearly successful to provide better understanding. Research is required to determine or clarify the following: • Cost effectiveness of using strain gauges • There is not guidance on construction • Standard method of collecting and interpreting strain gauges data • Long term performance Overall, the reported success of strain gauges is quite promising. There use in some application in concrete structure is well established. Opportunity exist to increase the use of strain gauges in other applications, provided their benefit can be clearly and consistently demonstrated. point font.

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Aim to Search to apply Programs Geographic information systems to determine the most appropriate places That you congregate on Solar energy in the Samawah desert And that fall In the western part of Al-Muthanna governorate . And it takes advantage of solar energy In renewable energy projects such as (electric power generation). Stimulate Agriculture and investment in a desert Samawah. Where it is considered Solar radiation The Main Source Renewable energy And theEnvironmentally friendly. The results of the study showed that the amount of solar radiation in the Samawah desertJLocated Its amount In the range (5751.1 to 5953.2) watt-hours / m2, which is an excellent value. And theThis result was obtained through the use of geographic information systems software As that method Calculate the incident solar irradiance Depends On the spatial resolution of the digital model usedinterval Temporale To fall radiation . And theReadings were taken during June and July 2019 Because these months represent the peak solar radiation fall into a desert Samawah. As that Temperatures are high during this period and an interval (two hours) is taken for taking readings. It is found by the search results That there is a high value of solar radiation Who is falling on Samawah desert.

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This paper presents an experimental and numerical investigation on the behavior of reinforced concrete hybrid beams under two point load. Eight beams of dimensions (150×200×1300 mm) were cast and tested. The hybrid specimens contain of two layers, the upper layer (in the compression zone) made of self-compacted concrete (SCC) with compressive strength of approximately 75 MPа while the layer located in tension zone made of normal strength concrete (NSC) with compressive strength of approximately 30 MPa. These specimens were tested and compared with reference specimens made of SCC or NSC only. The main considered variables were: the SCC layer thickness in hybrid beams; and the effect of shear reinforcement on the total capacity of the tested beams. The test results showed that, using hybrid concrete in casting the reinforced beams has a significant effect in enhancing the general behavior of the specimens. The failure load increased by (18.2–54.5 %) in hybrid beams contained SCC by (25, 50 %) of the total beam height, respectively compared with corresponding reference specimens made of NSC only. It was also noticed that the use of shear reinforcement has an important role in increasing the total capacity of the specimens by about (35.3–38.5 %). ANSYS program (Version 15.0) was employed for modelling the specimens. The numerical results showed that, the general behaviour of the finite element models was in good agreement with the experimental data.