ملخص البحث :

Wireless communications have achieved widedevelopment in recent years. There is a great need for wirelesscommunication services that reduce the effects of thetransmission channel and transmit data with high data rates.There are many services that increase data transmission rate,such as M-ary BPSK Multi-Code CDMA system. The M-aryBPSK CDMA system has been designed and simulated usingWalsh-Hadamard spreading code with lengths of 256, 128, 64,and 32 in the AWGN channel. An Ant Colony Optimization(ACO) algorithm is proposed to find the best constellationpoints for the M-ary BPSK system that improves the bit errorrate performance of the system. The results demonstrate thatthe M-ary BPSK CDMA system based on the ACO algorithm tofind the best constellation points outperforms the system thatdoesn’t depend on the best constellation points. The resultsproved that the bit error rate performance was improved byrelying on the best set of constellation points in which about 2dBwas gained, and this means that more users can be accessed atthe same bit error rates. Also, the bit error rate performancesfor M=8 and M=16 are very close because the 16-ary used bestconstellation points, and three spreading codes were allocatedfor each user, while for the 8-ary system, two spreading codeswere allocated for each user.

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In the developed world, it is necessary to save the natural environments. A lot of incidents of human-made and natural catastrophes were occurring around the world. Forest fires are one of these environment disasters. The goal of this research is to construct and develop a cloud system which can detect the exact location of a forest fire and the spreading speed and direction of the fire. The location and direction of fire can be directly monitored on Google Maps application. An interpolation algorithm has been suggested to determine the time required for the fire an known point location on the forest. This will give the possibility to intervene and prevent the spreading of the fire significantly. The system utilizes Node Micro Controller Unit, Infrared flame detection sensors modules, Global Positioning System module with each sensor to provide the exact location for each to reach fire detected sensor. The proposed system gave accurate results and a high response speed, where the forest supervisor could monitor the fire continuously through a webpage which is connected to Google Maps. The interpolation algorithm was a suitable to determine the time for the fire to reach a certain point or a specific sensor at the forest.

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Our system proposes a wheelchair controlled by head gestures for people with quadriplegia paralysis (QP) or for those suffering from amputation of their hands and legs during the war in Iraq. The wheelchair design has an intelligent control that works with the movement of a patient‘s head in order to enable the patient to drive the wheelchair in the desired direction. The system consists of two main parts. The first is the transmitter in which sensing signals are transmitted to the second part and it consists of a 3-axes accelerometer (ADXL-345), a 433 MHz RF wireless receiver transmitter module, and Arduino UNO. The ADXL-345 sensor is placed in front of a hat that the patient wears. The system detects the direction of the patient's head movement then sends appropriate instructions to the wheelchair’s control part (receiving part). The receiving part is the wheelchair control system that consists of a 433 MHz RF wireless receiver transmitter module and an Arduino UNO. The Arduino processes the signals coming from the first part and moves the wheelchair accordingly in the desired direction. The research also provides an obstacle avoidance system with a range of 50 cm that prevents the wheelchair from colliding with objects. The head movement angles have been selected to be 40, 35 degree for vertical and horizontal movement respectively so that the QP patient feels comfortable to tilt his head in all directions and control the wheelchair easily. The system provides a very effective performance and accuracy.

ملخص البحث :

In recent years, wireless communication has achieved significant advancements. There are many services for information transmission with high data rates and high quality, such as the Multicode-Multicarrier Code Division Multiple Access (MC-MC-CDMA). The proposed M-ary BPSK CDMA Multicode system uses to enhance the MC-MC-CDMA. The enhanced MC-MC-CDMA has been designed, simulated, and implemented in the Kintex-7 KC705 FPGA board; then, it is compared with the classical MC-MC-CDMA. The two systems are simulated in the Additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and multipath Rayleigh fading channels using orthogonal Hadamard spreading codes. The proposed M-ary BPSK Multicode CDMA system is improved in terms of its constellation points that are used in the mapping process, where these points have been selected with a large average sum of Euclidian distances between them to reduce the interferences during data transmission. The enhanced MC-MC-CDMA depends on combining the proposed M-ary BPSK Multicode system and the multicarrier CDMA system. The results show that the enhanced MC-MC-CDMA gives better bit error rate (BER) performance than the classical MC-MC-CDMA in the case of 2-ary and 4-ary mapping schemes, and they have equal performance in the case of M=8 and 16 at the same code length. Moreover, the enhanced MC-MC-CDMA permits more users to access it than the MC-MC-CDMA when using equal spreading code lengths.

ملخص البحث :

In recent years, wireless communication technology has made great progress. With the rapid growth of video, voice, and data communications, mobile phones have become ubiquitous and so need mobile multimedia communications. To meet the increasing demands of mobile communication services, many solutions have been proposed to reduce the impact of channel effects and increase the speed of data transmission. One of those methods is the use of Multicode Code Division Multiple Access (MTC -CDMA). Two techniques of the MTC-CDMA system have been used, which are multicode system and orthogonal code system. The MTCCDMA system can support different data rates as needed by next-generation standards. The bit error rate (BER) of the two systems is analyzed in AWGN and Rayleigh fading channels. The multicode system has been simulated with different codes for both code sequence sets and user-specific sequences. These codes are Walsh-Hadamard, orthogonal variable spreading factor (OVSF), Gold, Kasami, and Maximum length sequence (M-sequences) codes. The orthogonal code system is simulated with Walsh-Hadamard spreading code. The results show that the use of Walsh-Hadamard code as user specific sequence and the Gold code as a code sequence gives better BER performance compared with other types of codes for the multicode system. Also, the using of Walsh-Hadamard for sequence sets and PN codes for user specific sequences gives good performance. For the same M-ary, the number of users, and spreading code length, the orthogonal code system can achieve better BER performance than the multicode system, but the maximum number of users that can be accessed is less.

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The attendance system proposed is used to manage attendance system in large and branched factory or university from central unit. It consists of terminal units and a central unit. Each terminal unit consists of Raspberry pi, screen GUI, RFID, transponder card with each user (like student) and GSM board. The central unit consists of Arduino, GSM board and a computer. Each unit has a special program to achieve its purpose. The terminal unit is responsible of making a connection with a transponder card to bring its ID's and make a comparison with the names listed in the database of SQL server to get the names of the absent students and send their serial numbers by using GSM message. The central unit is considered as a heart of system where it is responsible of collecting all the information from the terminal units, displaying them and making special processing to take a decision about persons whose absence exceed the threshold line.