ملخص البحث :

The isolation and diagnosis of the fungal growth growing from the Sclerotia on the PDA culture media showed that several different isolates and different regions of the pathogenic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The results of migrating the PCR products on agarose gel were shown by giving a band of 500-580bp for S. sclerotiorum fungus, 550bp for Penicillium commune fungus, and 590 for Trichoderma. asperellum fungus, where these two fungi are used in the biological control for the pathogenic fungus S. sclerotiorum . The isolates of this pathogen a significant reduction in the percentage of germination of radish seeds grown on the water agar media compared to the control treatment that amounted to 100%, where the percentage of germination ranged between 0.00-53.0%.It was also found that all the tested isolates of the S.sclerotiorum were pathogenic to eggplant seedlings, and the severity of infection ranged from 86.1 to 50.0%, compared to the control treatment which its infection severity amounted to 0.0%. The results showed that there was a high Antagonistic Potential between the elements of biological control and the S. sclrerotiorum in vitro compared to the control treatment which amounted to 0.0% , where the bacteria treatment of Pseudomonas fluorescens gave the highest percentage of inhibition amounted to 100%, followed by the treatment of the P. commune fungus which amounted to 86.1% .The treatment of Trichoderma viride and T. asperellum fungi gave a percentage of inhibition amounted to 72.8% and 70.0%, respectively, where no significant differences were observed between them in the percentage of inhibition compared to the control treatment, which amounted to 0.0%.The percentage of inhibition amounted to 100% using the topsin fungicide, while the treatment of humic acid and folic acid did not give any percentage of inhibition which amounted to 0.0%.

ملخص البحث :

The selected fungus isolate Penicillium was diagnosed according to morphological and Molecular characteristics when cultured on PDA culture media. The results of DNA extraction from spp. Penicillium fungus that had subjected to a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) showed the possibility of duplicate PCR-amplified products with an expected size of 550 nitrogenous base pairs by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and in the presence of pair of the Forward primer (ITS1) and Reverse primer (ITS4). This is considered the first recording for this isolate in Iraq, and it was registered in the gene bank by a name of DSKZ, and its code in the gene bank was MT065753.1, which was registered in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Some laboratory tests were conducted on this bio-fungus, where the treatment of antagonism between P.commune fungus and the pathogenic fungus S.sclerotiorum. gave the highest percentage of inhibition, which amounted to 86.1, with highly significant differences compared to the control treatment, which amounted to 0.00%. The concentrations of 50% and 60% in the non-heat- treated fungal extracts (non-sterile) in terms of colony diameter and the percentage of inhibition for pathogenic fungus have excelled on the rest of the concentrations, which gave the highest values amounted to 0.00, 100%, respectively, for both concentrations. As for the treatment of the thermally treated fungus extracts (sterilized with an autoclave device at a temperature of 121 °C and a pressure of 1.5 kg.cm-1 for 20 min), the 60% concentration has excelled on the rest of the concentrations by giving it the highest values in terms of colony diameter and the percentage of inhibition, which amounted to 1.012 cm and 88.8 %, respectively, compared to the control treatment in which the colony diameter and percentage of inhibition amounted to 9.00 cm and 0.00%, respectively. P.commune extracts concentrations also caused an increase in the percentage of germination for eggplant seeds at a probability level of 0.05.

ملخص البحث :

The results of isolation and diagnosis of the fungus growing from Sclerotia and isolated from the infected explants showed that the pathogenic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was isolated. The results of the antagonistic ability test of the biological resistance elements against S.sclerotiorum gave a high antagonistic ability compared to the control treatment. The treatment of P.fluorescens gave the highest percentage of inhibition against the pathogenic fungus, followed by the treatment of P.commune and T.asperellum. The results showed the efficiency of biological resistance elements, including P.fluorescens, T.asperellum and P.commune, either singly or in combination with each other, in reducing the percentage of infection severity with S.sclerotiorum under plastic house conditions and in the greenhouse, where it amounted between 5.55-50 compared to the control treatment (pathogenic fungi alone), which amounted to 94.44% and under field conditions in the greenhouse, which amounted to 5.55-66.66% compared to the control treatment, which amounted to 83.33%. It provided good protection for eggplant, which was positively reflected on all plant growth parameters, in addition to an increase in the cumulative weight of eggplant fruits.

ملخص البحث :

The results of isolation and identification of fungal growths on the culture medium PDA showed obtaining several different isolates from different regions of the pathogenic fungus Verticillium nubilum. The results of the PCR transfer on an agarose gel were shown by giving a band size of 500-650 bp to the pathogenic fungus Verticillium nubilum. The isolates of the pathogenic fungus V. nubilum caused a significant decrease in the percentage of germination of eggplant seeds grown on water agar medium, compared to the control treatment, which amounted to 100%, where the germination rate ranged between (1-73%). The results also showed that there was a high antagonistic ability and high significant differences between the pathogenic fungus V. nubilum and the bio-control elements, compared to the control treatment, which amounted to 0.0%. The treatment of Bacillus subtilis gave the highest inhibition rate, reaching 96.75%. Followed by the treatment of the fungus Trichoderma harzianum, which reached 91.07% and the treatment of Beltanol gave an inhibition rate of 100%