ملخص البحث :

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a psychiatric neurological infection of the focal sensory system and is accepted as amultifactorial disease. Chronic Toxoplasmosis is sometimes associated with the proliferation of bradyzoites inthe nervous system. The measurement of interleukin-5 (IL-5) as an inflammatory mediator in patients with PDand Toxoplasmosis infection may be helpful in determining the correlation between these diseases. In thepresent study, 80 examples were collected, including 35 patients diagnosed with idiopathic PD and 45 samplesfrom healthy people from Najaf, Babylon, and Baghdad provinces, Iraq. After measuring the immunoglobulin G(IgG) antibody of Toxoplasma gondii, the level of IL-5 was evaluated in different groups. Serologicalexamination showed that the IgG antibody of Toxoplasmosis increased (P<0.05) in people with PD (65.71%).Serum levels of IL-5 significantly decreased in people with PD. It is noteworthy that comparing serum levels ofIL-5 between two groups of people with and without chronic Toxoplasmosis revealed that there was asignificant decrease (P<0.05) in a concentration of serum IL-5 in individuals with chronic Toxoplasmosis. Thecurrent study confirmed the conceivable association between T. gondii and PD, and further research isrecommended to explain the association between PD and Toxoplasmosis.

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Fifty five kidney stones were gathered from 50 patients in Al-Sader clinical city in Al-Najaf territories. Kidney stone killed by (ESWL), (PCNL) or open an operation .The normal size of stones was under 0.5 cm and with normal load of 0.7 g . The PCR and sequencing results showed that the nanobacteria we refined is 80% like Nanobacterium sp. nano P 16S ribosomal RNA quality. This is a pioneer study,the first review in IRAQ that is secluded nanobacteria from kidney stone and show the connection among nanobacteria and kidney stone infection.

ملخص البحث :

The study aimed to evaluate the serum levels of the ATPO, ATG, and TRAB in patients with patients with autoimmune thyroiditis such as Hashimoto thyroiditis and Graves disease, and in control groups. The results of current study showed the concentrations of thyroid hormones T3, T4, TSH, FT3, FT4 were measured to determine the patients who have an underactive thyroid gland or have hyperthyroidism and compared them to a control group, where it was found that the patients who had an underactive thyroid had significantly decreased levels of T3, T4, FT3 and FT4 concentrations, while their TSH level increased significantly than the rest of the patients and the control group. Most of the patients' samples were patients who had hypothyroidism. After that, special tests were done to detect the presence of the specific antibodies associated with this disease (AITD), which are ATPO, ATG, and TRAb, in addition to the clinical diagnosis of patients by the physician using the ultrasound device. It was found that patients with Graves' disease had a significant increase in the level of TRAb concentration compared to Hashimoto's patients and healthy controls, while the concentration of ATG was significantly increased in patients with Hashimoto's disease compared to patients with Graves' disease and healthy controls, and the concentration of ATPO was significantly elevated in both patients with Graves' and Hashimoto's disease compared to healthy controls.

ملخص البحث :

The study of interleukin 4 (IL-4) genotyping in Hashimoto patients is considered one of the challenges of sustainable development. Hashimoto disease is an autoimmune disease that causes the immune system to attack the cells of the thyroid gland, causing the death of the cells that produce thyroid hormones, and thus leading to chronic hypothyroidism.the current study aimsto determine the genotyping of IL-4 -590C>T in the DNA of Hashimoto patients and compared it with healthy subjects.To achieve this goal, blood samples were collected from 54 Hashimoto's disease patients and 25 healthy as control groups, during the periodfrom March 2022 to September 2022. Genomic DNA was obtained from blood samples for molecular analysis to investigate the IL-4 -590 C/T gene polymorphism in patients and the control groups. Genotyping is done by using Amplification Refractory Mutation System –Polymerase Chain Reaction (ARMS-PCR) technique. The current study, included 50/54 females and 4/54 males with Hashimoto thyroiditis with ages ranging from 20-59 years old. The results showed that the age group 40-49 years were the most affected, Also,the body mass index was had increased among patients. The CT genotype is present in 74% of Hashimoto patients while 16% of controls. The C allele was found at a high rate in both patients and control with percentages of 100% and 96% respectively.The Hashimoto patients have more frequency of CT genotyping of IL-4 -590 C>T than control, while C Allele was high in both Hashimoto patients and controls. The -590 CC genotype in theIL4gene may consider to be a strong predictive factor for the development of hypothyroidism in Hashimoto disease ( HD)