ملخص البحث :

ABSTRACT: The biomechanical characteristics of the healthy human spine for both of female and male are critical to be understood thoroughly so that the treatment of spinal pathology can be advanced. However, the rotational ranges of motion (ROM) are not the same for each sex. Hence, our goal is to; investigate the motion of the lumbar spine segment, as measured by range of motion ROM for the models of both sexes. A process works when by a CT scan of a lumbar spine is transformed into a simulation model. The study examines human lumbar segments; (L1-S1) responding to a pure-moment loading in: flexion extension (FE); lateral bending (LB) and also axial torsion (AT). The greater FE ROM is found at the lower lumbar levels alongside the significantly greater ROM for female segments compared with males. On that subject, there is greater flexibility in the female segments compared to males, and its influence on ROM has been discovered. These differences may be justified by higher incidence of LBP in females including the time when they are pregnant, and this causes the disc and facet degeneration deference rate in female more than male. The simulate models also could provide a critical input for: implant design; biomechanical study design; and interpretation, not to mention to the development of diagnostic criteria.