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A multidimensional approach to technology breakthroughs, including innovations in sensors, artificial intelligence and cloud technology, is driving automation. In past few years, people have started for using electronic machines more frequently than traditional ones. As a result, this study suggests a technique wherein moisture sensors are positioned beneath plants or trees. The microcontroller activates the motor and reuses the water flow after receiving sensor data from the gateway unit. The irrigation system makes use of the Internet of Things (IoT), which is composed of two microcontrollers: the Arduino Uno for controlling relay that acts as switch for water flow and the NodeMCU with Wifi module for cloud computing. It also includes two sensors: the DHT11 and Soil Moisture. In order to monitor the state of the land, this should automatically irrigate dependent on the soil moisture, ambient temperature, and humidity. It will also communicate data to the ThingSpeak program as a cloud server. A water pump unit is also a component of the system, and it will be used to spray water on the land depending on weather and soil conditions read by sensors.This method can be used to create smart farming practices and smart lives in the future.

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Human control, light sensitive control, and easy timing control are all features of traditional street lighting control systems, but they consume a lot of energy and make it difficult for operators to manage street-lights, which makes administration and maintenance difficult. This project is built on the concept of maximizing energy conservation while minimizing energy loss. This study offers a comprehensive demonstration of how modern street lighting can be constructed. The planned work is performed with the help of an Arduino ide and sensors, which will regulate the electricity based on the detection of objects at night and with features that detect night and day to automatically turn on and off the lights. The attractiveness of the planned work is that it reduces unneeded electrical waste, extends the life of streetlights by not leaving them on all night, it also aids in the improvement of work measures. The suggested notion, we believe, will be valuable in future sensor systems

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The use of commercial MIMO APs in RoF-DAS results in substantial throughput reduction. Efficient use of multi-antenna scheme algorithms allows for significant physical separation between the radio units, which results in decreased error rates and increased capacity. MIMO wireless communications in a DAS, which utilizes RoF to increase the overall wireless coverage and capacity have been the focus of this thesis. The main goal is to explore the factors that contribute to throughput declines in an RFDAS when commercial MIMO APs are utilized. Practical challenges are considered to examine the RoF-DAS. Single and multiple-use experience is taken for finding the experimental setup. The investigation revealed that the amount of data the system can transmit correlates with the imbalance in the received power, and the imbalance in the received power correlates with the amount of data the system can transmit.