ملخص البحث :

Vaccines work by mimicking disease agents and stimulating the immune system which in turn Builds a defense mechanism against the disease-causing agents. Some of the vaccines contain a part of the disease-causing agents which are either weakened or dead. Apart from using vaccines only for viral infections, utilizing the same against Cancers both as therapeutic and preventative has captured huge interest. The use of Cancer vaccines in cancer therapies is called immunotherapy, which is done either by specific cancer vaccine or universal cancer vaccine which contain tumor antigens that stimulate the immune system which in turn initiate various mechanisms that terminate tumor cells and prevents recurrence of these tumors. Here, we conduct some in silico approaches to select best strain target proteins we perform strain selection, epitope prediction, antigenicity, immunogenicity prediction and docking of target proteins to find out the best targets for further studies.

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This research aimed to study the antibacterial activity and Antibiotic effect of hot aqueous extract of leaves of Ziziphus spina Christy (Sidr), against clinical isolate of Staphylococcus wernari. Four isolates were initially diagnosed as Staphylococci bacteria, then one isolation was chosen depending on its sensitivity and resistance to several different types of antibiotics. The VITEK-2 compact system (ID and AST) and PCR were used to confirm the type of staphylococcal isolates. The results showed that one isolate was due to Staphylococcus wernari. The ability of isolate to form biofilm was tested using the Microtiter plate method (96 wells). The results indicated that the extracted isolate was able to produce a biofilm. Where there was a clear effect of moxifloxacin and penicillin G with(MIC), (Sub-MIC) and (Sub-MIC) in inhibiting the growth of bacteria, A significant (P < 0.001).Synergistic effect between Penicillin G, Moxifloxacin with (MIC), (Sub-MIC) and (Sub-MIC) were tested with hot aqueous extract of Ziziphus spina christi (Sidr) leaves with 50 mg/mL. The results showed a high synergy between two types of antibiotics and plant extracts.

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Methicillin-resistant coagulase negative Staphylococcus warneri (MR-CoNS) is the major source of infective diseases because of its capacity to form biofilm inhabiting the hospital environments or community to regulate the sensitivity of S. warneri to lemon oil and also examination of the anti-biofilm activity. Five isolates were taken from urinary tract infection and skin burns, tested by the VITEK-2 compact system (AST and ID) to confirm S. warneri. The diagnosis result showed one isolate due to S. warneri. The susceptibility of S. warneri to the formation of the biofilm was investigated in the presence and absence of glucose, exhibiting greater ability to form the biofilm in its presence. Penicillin G and Mixofloxacin were examined with the concentrations of MIC, sub-MIC and sub-sub-MIC, used to inhibit the formation of biofilm. The synergism activity was tested between lemon oil, penicillin G and moxifloxacin. The result displayed that a synergistic actvitity between the two antibiotics and lemon oil was the most efficient to prevent biofilm formation.

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This study including collected 172 blood sample from AL-Kafeel University college, these samples including 102 sample to male and 70 sample for female in which students samples were 53 for smoker and 119 nonsmoker , to evaluate some of parameters such as ABO , RH , blood pressure and clotting time . The results showed blood group A+ was more frequent which represent 33.7 % followed by O+ blood group which represent 25.6% while B- was the last ,in other results displayed AB- and RH + was more frequent than RH - . Systolic and diastolic pressure examined was demonstrated there were mild hypertension in blood pressure between samples of studied, while result gloating time was exhibited range 30 sec to 3 minute .

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A total number of [100] midstream urine samples were collected randomly from patients suspected to be infected with UTIs in Al-Hilla Hospital, Babylon from 15 Oct. to 15 Jan. 2018. These samples were streaked by the sterile loop on MacConkey and EMB agar plates, then incubated aerobically 37Cº for 24 hrs. Detection of the causative agents was performed according to the routine diagnostic steps illustrated in Baily and Scott’s diagnostic microbiology i. e. colonial morphology and the biochemical reactions. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns were done phenotypically determined by clinical laboratory standard Institute (CLSI) (2014); finally, the disclosure of some resistant genes (par C, qnr C and aac(6')-Ib-cr) were diagnosed by PCR technique. The results of the presents study showing that nineteen isolates (72 %) identified as E. coli. The results demonstrated that the highest percentage of UTIs was found in third trimester 44% followed by 29% and 27% for second and first trimesters, respectively. Age group (16-22) yrs. occupied the highest ratio 34%. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns phenotypically (disc diffusion method) illustrated that the high proportion of resistance was 73.7% (14/19) for amoxicillin, while the lowest ratio was 0% (0/19) for gentamycin antibiotic. bla-TEM-1 was predominant resistant gene 42.10% succeeded by bla-CTX-M 31.57% while another gene frequencies were 26.31% and 21.05% for aac (6')- Ib-cr and sul-1, respectively.Two isolates (10.52%) appear to be bearing bla-CTX-M and bla-TEM-1, one isolate bearing bla-CTX-M+ sul-1, one isolate bearing blaCTX-M+ bla-TEM-1+ sul1, one isolate bearing aac (6’)-Ib-cr+ bla-TEM-1, and three isolates bearing bla-TEM-1+sul1. In conclusion, the virulence of a bacterium has increased significantly as a result of its acquisition of properties that enable it to resist the third generation of cephalosporin’s in addition to other antibiotics.

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Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic disorders of carbohydrate metabolism in which glucose is underutilized, producing hyperglycemia. Furthermore, it is proposed that the underutilization of glucose is associated with changes in the lipid profile. Changes in lipid profiles are also well related to the severity of DM. This study involved 50 were patients admitted with a diagnosis of DM; blood samples were drawn under aseptic precautions from cases of DM and healthy controls. Necessary investigations were carried out and values were tabulated for cases and controls separately for statistical evaluation. Our Results show that the DM patients compared to controls significant increase in the following parameters were observed. Cholesterol ratios increased. Furthermore, the levels of triacylglycerol increased. We conclude that there is a statistically significant large effect in cholesterol and TG a level of cases compared with controls, cholesterol level is increased and TG levels were well associated with blood sugar also increased .

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It is well established that consuming table sugar in large quantities causes negative effects on human health and on his immune system. In this study we intended to show the severity of COVID-19 among the patients who used to consume excessive quantities of sugar. We compared them with people satisfy with eating small or moderate amounts. The results revealed that the infection is always more severe among the individuals who intake large quantities of sugar, the percentage of those who are forced to intensive care units is higher, and the number of deaths is greater. These results were embodied among men and women.