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“Assessment of Hormonal Changes Due to Contraception Pills as Risk Factor of Breast Cancer at Najaf city”

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Abstract Fungal spores are biological molecules that are widespread in the indoor and outdoor air. Several types of the very common fungal spores are known as allergens, with the potential to cause respiratory illnesses by increasing the aggravation of asthma and rhinitis. From January to December 2018, a crosssectional environmental survey was performed to determine the dust fungal spore concentration in four district of Al-Najaf governorates and examine the potential correlation between the concentration of fungal spores and the numbers of patients have asthma, also the effect of some demographical characteristic on the percentage of asthma. Fungal spores in dust were collected using Achudume method, the samples were cultured at room temperature for 7-10 days, the identification and counting of fungi were performed. The data of patients have asthma was obtained from statistics division at hospitals and health centers located in these districts. The result of this study revealed the highest fungal spore concentration was in the dust of Kufa district (29%), moreover, the most prevalent fungal isolate from the dust belonged to the genus Aspergillus, Alternaria, Cladosporium, and Penicillium. There was a remarkable difference among the four districts regarding the type and concentration of fungal spores. There was a significant positive correlation between the number of patients have asthma and the concentration of fungal spores in dust (rp = 0.96, p-value = 0.0001). The overall percentage of asthma in the study population was 4.1%, the rate of asthma appear to be more prevalent among male than female (2.47% vs 1,67%), there was no difference between the percentage of asthma in urban and rural areas (2.2%, 1.9%), and it was statistically non-significant at ≤ 0.05. There was a medium direct correlation between age groups and asthma (rp = 0.687) towered the increase in age, but it was not statistically significant (P= 0.132). It was clear that most of the recorded fungal spore type have allergenic properties, which mean that increase their concentration in the environment of AL-Najaf can negatively effect on the status of patients have asthma. Keywords: Dust, Fungi, Asthma, Allergen, Urban.

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ABSTRACT Antibiotics are one of the most important commercially exploited secondary metabolites produced by the bacteria and employed in a wide range. Most of the antibiotic producers used today are the soil microbes. Fungal strains and Streptomyces members are extensively used in industrial antibiotic production. Bacteria are easy to isolate, culture, maintain and to improve their strains. Although thousands of antibiotics have been isolated from soil microbes, these represent only a small part of the repertoire of bioactive compounds so far produced. Majority of the Actinomycetes in soil that are potential drug sources remain uncultivable, and therefore inaccessible for novel antibiotic discovery. Hence there is need to rediscover new drugs active against these drug resistance pathogens. The main objective of the present study was isolation, purification, and characterization of soil isolates having antimicrobial activity against Bacillus strains. Soil samples were serially diluted and plated on isolation agar media. Potential colonies were screened, purified, and stored in glycerol stock. Isolates were morphologically and biochemically characterized. Genomic DNA was extracted from the identified isolate, and analyzed using 16s rRNA sequencing. The sequence analysis revealed of the strain to be Streptomyces, Bordetella and Achromobacter. The culture isolate was grown in the production medium and then isolated with the antibiotic compound. The compound isolated was tested for the antibacterial activity using the tube method and Well plate method. The compound showed high potential of antibacterial activity and the activity is dose dependent. Key words: 16s rRNA sequencing, Soil microorganisms, PCR, Genomic DNA _________________________________________________________________

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