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Introduction: Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that lives intracellular and has been linked to autoimmune disease. It also can modulate immune responses to varying degrees. Rheumatoid arthritis, sometimes known simply as RA, is a prevalent autoimmune disease that is distinguished by its multiple pathogenic pathways, which ultimately lead to persistent inflammation and damage to the joints. MicroRNAs play a crucial role in immune response regulation and can be used as novel biomarkers to improve diagnosis, treatment, and disease states. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the levels of expression of the microRNAs miR-146a and miR-155 as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in individuals who were infected with toxoplasmosis. Patients and Methods: The study was conducted on 50 Rheumatoid Arthritis patients positive for toxoplasmosis as diagnosed by ELISA (divided into two groups according to treatment response) and 50 age and sex-matched healthy subjects as a control group. Purified RNA was done, then real-time PCR was carried out using specific primers for MicroRNA-146a and MiR-155. Results: A significant up-regulation in both Micro-RNA in the studied groups when compared with the control group. A high level of miR-146 expression was associated with low expression for miR-155 observed in the negative response group for treatment when compared with the positive response group. Conclusion: the miR-146 and mir-155 could be used as biomarkers for host response during the biological treatment. Statistics Article View: 150 PDF Download: 247

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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been recently established as a key regulator of the host response to infection by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii. This study designed to evaluate the gene expression of two microRNAs, miRNA-132 and miRNA-155 in women with acute toxoplasmosis as a possible diagnostic biomarker of the disease. RNA was extracted from blood samples and cDNA was created. MiRNA-132 and miRNA-155 expression levels were assessed in 14 women with acute toxoplasmosis (IgM seropositive) and 6 IgM seronegative women (as control group) by Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) using small nuclear RNA (RUN43) as an internal control. Results showed overexpression of miRNA-132 and miRNA-155 in women with acute toxoplasmosis compared to controls with median fold changes of (3) and (4945), respectively and significant difference (p = 0.044) and (p = 0.010). These data indicate that both miRNAs might be valuable diagnostic biomarkers in discriminating acute toxoplasmosis form healthy controls.

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Abstract Helicobacter pylori is one of the common bacterial causes of diseases of the digestive system, especially the stomach and gallbladder. Giardia lamblia and Entamoebahistolytica are the most common protozoal infections in humans and animals.Both groups of microorganisms causes a suffer diseases ,because of the similarity in the ways of infection this study aimed to estimate the relation between these organisms and the possible role of fecal sample pH . all studied groups was 37 to 44 years ,No correlation between the sex and stool pH in all groups ,except in the 4th group it was high in male.No significant correlation between the age and stool pH in the 3th group ,while in group 4 there is asignifecnt correlation between E.histolytica and infection with Pylori and study parameters the Conclusion : There is no correlation between H.pylori and G.lambliaand stool pH,but clear association with E.histolytica