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ABSTRACT : In the presentstudy, including collecting and processing 100 clinical samples from different clinical cases. The identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by conventional technique through using cultural and biochemical features. Only (40) isolates have been recovered from P. aeruginosa, where 8 isolates (20%) obtained from otitis media, 10 isolates (25%) from burns samples, 9 isolates (22.5%) from wounds, 6 isolates (15%) from blood samples and 7 (17.5%) isolates recovered from urine. The result from PCR molecular study revealed that the toxA gene was present only from 28 (70%) isolates gave positive results for P. aeruginosa isolates, since it investigated from only 6 isolate of otitis media (75%) has toxA gene, 8 isolate ( 80%) from burns followed by 7 isolate (77.7%) from wounds infection, 3 isolate (50%) from blood and finally 4 isolate (57%) from urine has this gene. On the other hand, the results from exoS gene recovered only from 27 isolates (67.5%), including5 isolates (62.5%) from otitis media, 7 isolates (70%) from burns, 6 isolates (66.6%) from wounds, 3 isolates ( 50%) from blood and 6 (85.7%) from urine. While the results from exoU gene shown that this gene presence only from 32 isolates (80%) offer positive results from P. aeruginosa isolates that including 7 isolate ( 21.8%) from otitis media, 8 isolate (25%) from burns followed by 7 isolate (21.8%) from wounds infection, 3 isolate (9.3%) from blood and finally 7 isolate (21.8%) from urine has this gene.

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One hundred and seventy five diarrhoeal swab samples were collected twelve isolates (6.7%) were obtained and diagnosed as Staphylococcus aureus. Among 12 isolates, 8 (66.7%) were found to be positive for production of enterotoxin B. Antibiotic sensitivity of 12 S. aureus isolates were surveyed for susceptibilities to a panel of 20 antibacterial agents. S. aureus were 100% sensitive to Fusidic acid, while in the opposite direction, 100% resistancy was recorded for ampicillin and penicillin. Graded resistant was observed in the others, include: 66.7% for erythromycin, tetracycline, oxacillin and methicillin. In addition, the isolates showed resistance to trimetheprim (58.3%). The results of this study showed that a wide spread of enterotoxigenic and multidrug-resistant S. aureus isolates which isolated from diarrhea samples. The lowest pH value at which Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) production was observed 4 in the two isolates (SA4 and SA12). These isolates were able to produce SEB even at pH 10.5, which was the highest pH value among the isolates. The lowest temperature at which SEB production manifested was 20°C in four isolates (SA2, SA4, SA11 and SA12), while the highest temperature at which SEB was produced was 45°C, in three isolates (SA2, SA11 and SA12). SEB is produced within a wide pH range but the influence of temperature is an essential factor for the production of this toxin.

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Abstract This laboratory study was conducted at Al-Musayyib Technical College / Department of Biocontrol Technologies for the period from 1/9/2021 to 1/10/2021 in order to assess the efficiency of Bacillus thuringiensis in controlling the two-spotted mite Tetranychus urticae under laboratory conditions.The results showed that the bacterial suspension B. thuringiensis gave a significant effect on the roles of the two-spotted mite (larvae, nymphs and adults) at all concentrations, as it was observed that the mortality rate increased with increasing concentration and time period.While the bacterial sludge B. thuringiensis did not show any significant effect on egg mortality for all concentrations. It was observed that the concentration 33x 106CFU/ml increased the percentage of the destruction of motile stages of the two-spotted mite, which amounted to (63.33%, 53.33%, and 50.67%) for larvae, nymphs, and adults, respectively, for the time period (72) hours, which significantly differed from the control treatment, which amounted to (0.67%, 1.67%, and 1.33%) for larvae and nymphs.And adults, respectively, and for a period of time (72) hours. The lowest mortality rate for the moving roles of the concentration was 33x 10 2 CFU/ml (47.33%, 34.00%, and 32.00%) for larvae, nymphs, and adults, respectively, for the time period (72) hours, with a significant difference from the control treatment, which amounted to (0.67% and 1.67). % and 1.33% for larvae, nymphs and adults, respectively, for a period of time (72) hours.The study also showed an increase in the death rate with increasing the concentration of the bacterial sludge, where the highest concentration 33x 10 6 CFU/ml gave the highest mortality rate of (46.00, 41.56 and 41.44) for larvae, nymphs and adults, respectively, with a significant difference from the mortality rate for the lowest concentration 33x 10 2 CFU/ml, which reached (35.11, 23.44, and 26.22) for larvae, nymphs, and adults, respectively.It was observed that the mortality rate increased with the increase of the time period, where the period of 72 hours showed the highest mortality rate of (40.33, 34.17, and 31.08) for larvae, nymphs, and adults, respectively, with a significant difference from the lowest death rate for the 24-hour period, which amounted to (20.75, 16.92, and 19.58). ) for larvae, nymphs and adults, respectively

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Abstract: The fungi associated with seeds negatively affect the germination of seeds and the vitality of the seedlings. The study aims to reveal the effect of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of the eggplant roots L in the radial growth of fungi isolated Solanum melongena from local wheat grains stored in the old Hilla silo and the new Hilla silo in Babylon during 2018-2019 according to the technique of poisoned food. The ability of fungal species isolated to produce aflatoxins was determined. The aqueous extract of eggplant roots contained flavonoids and alcoholic extract contained flavonoids and alkaloids. Several species of fungi associated stored wheat fungi were isolated and identified as Aspergillus niger, Penicillium notatum, and Fusarium oxysporum. The aqueous and alcoholic extracts had a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of the tested fungi on the Potato Dextrose Agar medium compared with the control. The alcoholic extract was more effective on the fungi than the aqueous extract. The percentages of inhibition of the radial growth of percent at a concentration of 10 mg / ml were 91.11, 88.88 and 91.11 percent respectively and at aqueous extract, the inhibition averages was 86.66, 86.66 and 83.33 percent, respectively.

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Abstract Eighty samples were collected from wound swabs, five isolates ( 6.25 %) were obtained and diagnosed as Aeromonas hydrophila. All strains had the ability to production of the aerolysin . The strain AH4 had highest hemolytic activity 1024 HU/ml. The aerolysin was extracted and purified partially by precipitation with ammonium sulphate (60%), the gel filtration was done by sephacryl S-300 with specific activity, numbers of purification and percentage of recovery reached 94208 unit\ mg protein, 1.363 times and 5 respectively, for the isolate AH4 which was the best in aerolysin production. The histopathological effect of the aerolysin on the internal organs (spleen, liver, kidney and lung ), the effect of the aerolysin was obvious in all histological samples.The histopathological observation results manifested that the damage of partial purification of aerolysin to the spleen, liver, kidney and lung of experimental mice is the most serious.