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Abstract Objective: The current research aimed to evaluate the concentration level of IL-5 in irritable bowel syndrome patients infected with Blastocystis infection Methods: Stool samples were collected from 156 of respondents(78 patients were diagnosed clinically by physician suffering from IBS and 78 control apparently healthy individuals without any history of disease) attended to three Hospitals in Al-Najaf Province of Iraq from August, to December 2019. Data was collected using self-administrated questionnaire. The whole questionnaire has five sections which included age, sex , family income, living area and occupation.Fecal specimens were collected and each sample divided into three parts, the first for microscopic examination and second for culture and thrid part were quickly frozen for Immunological evaluation of IL-3 by Sandwich ELISA , shipped on dry ice and kept at–20 ºCprior to analysis.

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Background: During every phone call the mobile phone, come into close contact with strongly contaminated human body areas with hands to hands, and hands to other areas like mouth, nose, and ears [10] . Mobile phones touch faces, ears, lips, and hands of different users thus they may be serves as reservoirs of different pathogens [11] . This study was designed to determine the role of the mobile phones in the transmission of methicillin-resistance Staph. aureus. Methodology: The cross-sectional study was done in the college of health and medical technology/ Kufa- Najaf- Iraq. Three hundred swab samples from mobile phones were collected from the students and staff of the college from November- 2015- February-2016 and divided into three groups categorized according to the site of collection (from the mobile phones) as follows: earpiece, keypad or touch screen, and mouthpiece. All samples were cultured, and the resulting isolates were identified and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility test by standard procedures (Kirby-Bauer method).Methicillin-resistant Staph. aureus was detected by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based on mecA gene. Results: Keypad or touch screen was occupied the highest percentage (58.74%) of bacterial contamination among other regions i. e. earpiece (26.7%) and mouthpiece (14.83%).Coagulase-negative Staph. aureus was predominant (41.83%) bacterial genus among other Gram-positive genera. Other Gram-positive bacteria had different ratios; there were 28.37%, 19.71%, 8.65%, 0.96% and 0.048 for Micrococcus spp., Bacillus spp. Methicillin-sensitive Staph. aureus (MSSA), Methicillin-resistant Staph. aureus (MRSA), and Enterococcus faecalis, respectively. On the other hand, Gram-negative bacteria gave different percentages, ranging from 53.57% for E. coli to 3.57% for Salmonella spp. Molecular detection was revealed the presence of mecA gene in only two isolates of Staph. aureus. Conclusion: Mobile phones may serve as vehicles of transmission of methicillinresistance Staph. aureus.

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One third of population around the developed countries is infected with Toxoplasma gondii. In the past 20 years, researchers have shown that this disease has a large inluence on various aspects of human life. This study aims to determine the inluence of toxoplasmosis on human personality among pregnant women in Al-Najaf province. Total 340 respondents within the age range 20-45 years old were pregnant women who had been diagnosed for toxoplasmosis. They were taken from the Obstetrics and Gynecology units in three governmental hospitals in Al-Najaf. In addition, the highest proportion of cases was in the age group of 25-29 years (32.4%), however, in the control group, it was in the age range 35-39 years (27.6%). According to the number of abortion, most of the cases had two cases of abortion (38.2%). On the other hand, most of the control respondents had zero abortion (20.0%), and there was a statistically signiicant difference between groups (p=0.001). It also shows that there was not a statistically signiicant difference between these two groups according to the ages (p=0.248). For the steroid hormones titrations (cortisol and free testosterone hormones) there was a statistical signiicant difference between groups (p=0.001). In addition, there was not a statistical signiicant difference between the cortisol hormone titrations in acute cases than in chronic cases (p=0.694). However, there was a statistical signiicant difference between the free testosterone hormone titrations in acute cases than in chronic (P=0.001). In conclusion, these hormones in the cases group are considered a signiicant risk factor, however, in the control are considered a protective factor

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Introduction: A total of (100) clinical urine specimens collected from patients suffering from urinary tract infection(UTI) during the period from 1, August ,2017 to 9, October, 2017 Methodology : The identification of the Proteus mirabilis isolates were depended on colonial morphology, microscopic examination , biochemical tests and Api Enterosystem 20 R (31). In addition antibiotic genes identification was performed by PCR technique with (tet(M), Aph(3)-llla, ParC, aac(6´)-Ib-cr and esp genes). Result: Rendering to the results obtained according to the morphological ,cultural characters from 100 sample only 58 (58%) isolate was identify as Proteus mirabilis , biochemical characters and API Enterosystem 20 R 40/58(68.9 %) isolate was identify as Proteus mirabilis (32). The PCR data showed that ParC gene high prevalence 40/40(100%) . Also tet(M) gene was positive in 31/40(77.5%) , Aph(3)-llla gene was positive in 27/40 (67.5%). While aac(6´)-Ib-cr gene showed low prevalence 14/40(35%) in this study. Finally, the PCR data showed moderate prevalence 20/40(50%) for esp gene which encode for Biofilm formation. Conclusion : The study investigated the antibiotic resistance genes of Proteus mirabilis which play a major role in pathogenicity (33) . Keywords: Proteus mirabilis , urinary tract infection and antibiotic resistance genes

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Background : Bad obstetric history implies previous unfavorable foetal results such as consecutive spontaneous abortions for two or more , early neonatal death, have intrauterine foetal death, stillbirth, intrauterine growth retardation, and congenital deformities. This study aims to assessment the obstetrical and medical history of pregnant women with toxoplasmosis in Al-Najaf province.Materials and Methods: A case control study was conducted in Al Zahra Teaching Hospital in Al-Najaf province. The cases in this study were the pregnant women with toxoplasmosis and the pregnant women without toxoplasmosis as (control). A number of 300 respondents were chosen using simple random sampling method .Findings:Most of the participants were in the age group (21-25) yearsfor both groups. Most of participants in both groups have family income within range 401.000-800.000 IQD. Most of participants in both groups have primary level of education. Regarding to the occupations, most of the participants in both groups were housewives. Most of the participants in both groups were living in urban area without any statistical difference between groups. In addition , most of the cases have miscarriages (86%) following by stillbirth (18.7%), deformities (10.7%) and premature delivers (8%). While, the control group 11.3% had miscarriages 5.3% stillbirth and 45% premature delivers. It also shows that there are statistical significant differences between groups for items miscarriages stillbirth, deformities antiphospholipide syndrome and diabetes.

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Toxoplasmosis is one of the most common zoonotic pathogens worldwide; Immune response against this parasite was affected by synthesis of specific interleukins like IL-27. The major objectives of this study detection of prevalence expression of IL-27 among ninety-six miscarriages women were tested; fortyeight of them was with miscarriages due to toxoplasmosis and forty-eight apparently healthy pregnant women (with out of any miscarriages) were enrolled as a control group in Najaf governorate. Methodology: Descriptive case-control, purposive (probability) sample among ninety six miscarriages women were tested, attending in Central Health Laboratory .The data collected from January 2019 to September 2019. The concentration level of IL-27 in miscarriages women was measured by ELISA technique according to many parameters such as age, occupation, residence and number of miscarriages. The result indicated that the concentration of IL-27 was elevated in women with one or two miscarriages. The high concentration of IL-27 in infected miscarriages women with age group (20-24), (25-29).There was no significant differences in study groups according to occupation and there were differences in IL27 concentration levels according to residency. It was demonstrated that the high concentration of IL-27 was appear in rural infected miscarriages women and low in urban miscarriages women with toxoplasmosis, results were analyzed by using statistical methods (Levene test, ANOVA test, t test). Conclusion: Interleukins (IL-27) play a significant role in immunity against infection with Toxoplasma gondii. Recommendation: Further studies are recommended to know the concentration of IL-27 among miscarriages women to be one of an important laboratory tests in the induction of immune response against this type of infection.

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The present study deals with the Cutaneous leishmaniasis the most common form of the disease, it usually produces ulcers on the exposed parts of the body, such as the face, arms and legs. Cutaneous leishmaniasis (also known as oriental sore, tropical sore, chiclero ulcer, chiclero’s ulcer orAleppo boil) is the most common form of leishmaniasis affecting humans. It is a skin infection caused by a single-celled parasite that is transmitted by the bite of a phlebotomine sand fly. There are about twenty species of Leishmania that may cause cutaneous leishmaniasis. To estimate serum levels cytokines (IL17 and IL-22) among leishmania patients in Al-Najaf province as immunological markers and to estimate serum level heat shock protein 20 in leishmania patient and investigate the relationship of HSP 20 with IL-17 and IL-22. This study was conducted with (80) patients whose age ranges from (6-46) years, divided among 40 patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis (males 26) and (females 14), who have visited the dermatology unite at Al-Sader Teaching Hospital and Central Health Laboratory in Al–Najaf province, Iraq, for managing the disease and 40 (males 26) and (females 14) voluntary healthy as a control group. The study was carried out from November to April 2019. This study was performed to estimate serum levels of interleukin 17, interleukin 22 and Heat shock protein-20 in leishmania patients and control. It also estimate the level of IL-17, IL-22 and heat shock protein20 for both male and female patients and control. The results showed a highly significant differences at (P<0.001) in all study parameters in comparison with the control. The result also showed the variances in the means of IL 17, 22 and HSP-20 among patients as compare with the control. All study groups show a highly significant variances (P<0.001) in the means of IL 17, 22 and HSP-20 among leishmanisis patients as compare with control. As a conclusion from this study, the importance of interleukin 17, 22 and heat shock protein-20 in Leishmaniasis patients can be used to detect the complications related to the disease and immunological effect among these patients

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Objectives: To evaluating the concentration level of IL-10 in serum of patients suffering from digestive disorders Blastocystis parasitic infection and compared with control group by using ELISA. Methadology: Case-control study design was conducted on 70 patients (33 males and 37 females) at Al-Sadr medical city and Al-Hakim General Hospital and Al-Sajad Hospital. A control group of 70 participitant (29 males and 41 females) who were without any history of disease were included. Their ages ranged between (6 - ≥ 60) years, during the period from the beginning of November 2021 to the end of February 2022. Results: The results showed (48.6%) of culture positive for B.hominis. The results of immunoassay showed mean difference ± standard error difference of IL-10 was (5.878 ± 10.462 Pg/ml) with a 95% confidence interval was (14.809-26.565) in intestinal disorder patients with significant difference (P˂0.001). Conclusion: Interleukin-10 concentration levels have a significant effect on the results of Blastocystosis patients suffering from digestive disorders