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ABSTRACT A field experiment was conducted in the Musayyib project area in Babil province during the autumn season 2018 with the aim of selecting an effective bacterial vaccine from combinations of three different types of Rhizobium spp. With Azospirillumbrasilense bacteria as biofertilizers and their effect on four genotypes of yellow maize (5012, Research 106, 5017 and 5018) the design of complete random segments and three replicates was used. The results showed superiority of A.brasilense treatment with R.leguminosarum (AZ. + RL2) in plant height, foliar area, longevity of larvae, number of grains per larvae, plant yield and total yieldGenotypes did not differ among the studied traits. As for the intervention, treatment (AZ. + RL2) outperformed half of the recommended fertilizer and genotype 5018 in most studied traits. The number of plant arains showed a higher genetic and phenotypic negative correlation with grain yield (0.111-, 0.039-). The analysis of the genetic and phenotypic pathway coefficient showed that the number of grains in Arouss gave the highest positive direct phenotypic effect on grain yield (8,31822) and genetically negative (0,1067).

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ABSTRACT A field experiment was conducted in the Musayyib project area in Babil province during the autumn season 2018 with the aim of selecting an effective bacterial vaccine from combinations of three different types of Rhizobium spp. With Azospirillumbrasilense bacteria as biofertilizers and their effect on four genotypes of yellow maize (5012, Research 106, 5017 and 5018) the design of complete random segments and three replicates was used. The results showed superiority of A.brasilense treatment with R.leguminosarum (AZ. + RL2) in plant height, foliar area, longevity of larvae, number of grains per larvae, plant yield and total yieldGenotypes did not differ among the studied traits. As for the intervention, treatment (AZ. + RL2) outperformed half of the recommended fertilizer and genotype 5018 in most studied traits. The number of plant arains showed a higher genetic and phenotypic negative correlation with grain yield (0.111-, 0.039-). The analysis of the genetic and phenotypic pathway coefficient showed that the number of grains in Arouss gave the highest positive direct phenotypic effect on grain yield (8,31822) and genetically negative (0,1067).

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Abstract Crop yield is one of the complex characters controlled by several interacting genotypic and environmental factors. A field experiment is conducted at Babylon farm, Mashroo Al-Musaib, for five seasons (spring and autumn) 2014, 2015 and 2016. The study has some: to study the types of gene action, inheritance of important characters and to determine the combining ability in advanced generations of inbreads Zea maize. In the first season, diallel cross with one direction (half diallel) which was done among six genotypes of Zea maize: IK8, ZP, DK, M2, W17.161, IK58, and R153. The second season is a field experiment conducted for all crosses with parents using RCBD. Data is analyzed by Griffing method 2 fixed Model. Statistical analysis results reveal high significant differences among the genotypes in all studied characters. Variances values are estimated from additive and non-additive gene action, average degree of dominance and heritability in Zea maize and narrow sense. Genetic analysis shows that there is a significant difference for GCA and SCA for all the studied characters, indicating a predominance of non-additive gene action. The average degree of dominance is more than one for all the studied characters in all generations, which indicates the effects of over dominance. The estimation of heritability in Zea maize shows high values for most studied characters, while heritability in narrow sense has low values except grain yield per plant. Parent DK has the highest positive effect of general combining ability in the crosses (IK8XR153) in F1 in grain yield, oil and protein ratio. The expected genetic advance value increases with inbreeding advance. There is a positive effect of genotypic, environmental, phnotypic correlation for yield with protein and oil ratio for all generations under study. The highest hybrid vigor is noticed in zea maize because of the genetic diversity between genotypic. Yield gives the largest expected advance in F3 which is 1.73 with expected genetic percentage 7.74%. The main conclusions from these results, that is a continuous variance in genetic parameters, yield and its components for parents and these crosses in all the studied generations because the segregate generations and the characters are not well stabilized till F5 or F6, so these crosses must be grown to a successive generations to develop new genotypes with high oil, protein and yielding ability.

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ABSTRACT A field experiment was conducted during spring seasons of 2017 and 2018 in Al- Hindiya Barrier Region, Babylon Province, Iraq to study the effect of foliar spraying of seaweed extracts on growth traits and grain yield of four genotypes of yellow corn. The experiment was conducted using the randomized complete block design (RCBD) for factorial experiments with three replications. The first factor included the genotypes (5015, 5016, 5017 and 5018). The second factor included foliar spraying of seaweed extract with three concentrations (3, 6 and 9 ml/l) in addition to the control treatment in which the plants were sprayed with distilled water only. The results showed that the corn genotypes differed significantly in respect to growth and yield traits. The corn genotype 5017 produced significantly higher growth and yield traits compared to other genotypes during both the years. The magnitude of production for plant height, leaf area, number of cobs per plant, cob length, number of grains/cob and grain yield per plant was 226.42 and 229.50 cm, 5291.8 and 5299.7 cm2, 1.93 and 1.96 cobs/plant, 1.30 and 18.45 cm, 445.75 and 451.75 grains/cob and 163.17 and 167.50 g in 2017 and 2018, respectively. The spraying of corn plants with seaweed extract @ 6 ml/l produced significantly higher leaf area, length of cob, number of grains/cob and grain yield per plant to the tune of 5241.9 and 5250.8 cm2, 17.97 and 18.14 cm, 443.42 and 448.58 grains/cob and 160.92 and 165.67 g in 2017 and 2018, respectively. On the basis of these results, it can be concluded that genotype 5017 sprayed with seaweed extract @ 6 ml/l excelled over other genotypes in respect of growth and yield.

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Abstract: A factorial experiment was conducted in Al-Watifiyah region of Babylon during 2018 with the aim to observe the effect of biofertilizers and phosphate fertilizers on the medicinally effective compounds of fennel seed. The factorial experiment was conducted included the use of four levels of bio-fertilizers, (without addition, mycorrhiza, and Azotobacter spp, Mycorrhiza + Azotobacter spp). It were symbolized by (A0, A1, A2, A3),The second was the use of four levels of phosphate fertilizer P O (0, 40, 60 and 80 kg.ha ) which were symbolized by 2 5 -1 (B0,B1,B2,B3). The Azotobacter spp was significantly superor with average for limonene ,Anethole ,α-Fenchone as 126.67,293.87 ,77.79 mg.mL ) respectively, while treatment 60 kg.ha-1 phosphate was significantly superior and gave the highest average for limonene, Anethole, -1 α-Fenchone, ferulic, gallic amounted to 123.98, 275.74, 60.11, 54.66 and 215.65 mg.mL respectively, The interaction treatment Azotobacter -1 spp+ phosphate 60 kg.ha- excelled in most of the studied traits.

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Abstract The field experiment was carried out in the fields of one of the agricultural in the district of Mahaweel in the province of Babylon during the agricultural season 2016-2017 to study the effect of bio-fertilization and foliar spraying in the content of mustard seeds from some fatty acids. The factorial experiment was applied in accordance with the randomized complete blocls design (RCBD) with three replicates. The experiment included two factors: the first factor is the bio-fertilization of the mycorraiza fungi (without addition, addition of the mycorraiza) and the second factor is the foliar spray with PRO.SOL solution in three concentrations (0, 5, 10) Ml/l.Fatty acids were estimated (Eruic acid,Oleic acid, Linoleic acid, Palmitic acid, Stearic acid α-Linolenic (Using HPLC, the results showed that bio-fertilization and foliar spraying increased the seed content of fatty acids by the superiority of treatment T 5 on all other treatments and gave the highest rates of Palmitic (179.21) μg/ml, Stearic (132.01) ug/ml and Eruic (225.19) ug/ml and Oleic (140.03) ug/ml and linoleic (77.20) ug/ml and α-linolenic (178.95) ug/ml.

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Abstract A field experiment was conducted in Agricultural Research Center in Latifia / Ministry of Science and Technology (20 km) south of Baghdad for the seasons of 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 using seven genotypes of wheat are: M8, M9, M10, M11, M12, Furat and Tamoz 3. Using split plot with randomized complete block design (RCBD),with three replicates. Results show that there is significant differences for the most studied traits for Furat genotype included plant height, spikes number /m2 and tillers number/m2 with of 82.60 cm, 200.33, and 217.66 for the first season, and of 96.26 cm, 179.66 and 194.66 for second season respectively. Genotype M9 was superior for yield 606.66 g /m2 for the first season, while, in the second season genotype Furat which gave of 618.33 g/m2. Genetic variation was greater than the environment variation for the most traits, indicating the greater role of genetic variation. The Heritability percentage was high for tillers number / plant and medium for the rest of the traits. The genotypic and phenotypic variation coefficient were the average values for the most traits while, the genetic yield was high for M8, M12 and Tmoz3 The M11, M10 and M8 genotypes were highest hemostasis for two environment .

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Abstract: This study was conducted to know the effect of bio-fertilizer, organic matter and nanozinc oxide on yield and oil yield for sunflower. The split-split plots were used according to the randomized complete Block Design with three replicates. Where the treatments of nanozno occupied the main plots, while the organic matter control (50, 150, 300 Kg ha NPK), the poultry matter 15 ton ha . the sheep matter 15 ton ha -1 -1 -1 and 1/2 amount of poultry matter and 1/2 amount the sheep matter occupied sub plots , while the bio-fertilizertion treatments (0, mycorrhiza, Azo spirillum and 1/2 amount mycorrhza and 1/2 amount Azospirillum) were occupied sub-sub- plots. The results showed that the treatment of Biofertilizers mycorrhiza (C1) significantly excelled and gave the highest average of autumn and spring season for the traits of the number of seeds head (778.7, 949.6 seeds), weight of 1000 seeds (48.1,51.03 g), seeds yield (6.39, 3 ton ha ), oil yield (0.853,1.28 ton ha ),While The -1 -1 -1 organic fertilization treatment (B1) was significantly excelled and given to the autumn and spring season, respectively, the highest average number of seeds per head (820.2, 1151.3 seeds), weight of 1000 seeds (49.88,54.09 g), seeds yield (6.16,2.77 ton ha ), oil yield (0.865, 1.31 -1 ton ha ), whereas, the treatment of nano-fertilization (N1) gave a significant excelled for the traits of the number of seeds in the head (773.7, -1 1014.8 seeds), the weight of 1000 seeds (48.21,54.09), seeds yield (5.95,2.72), the oil yield (0.813,1.19) for both season, respectively, while the triple interaction treatment (C1B1N1) significantly excelled and giving the highest average of autumn and spring season for traits of the number of seeds per head (873.3, 1231 seeds), weight of 1000 seeds (52,57.3 g), number of seeds (7,265,3.76 ton ha ), oil yield (0.983,1.5 -1 ton ha ) for both season, respectively

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Abstract: This study was conducted during the 2020 summer season to study the impact of genetic action, estimate the proportion of heritability, expected genetic improvement and variation factors for four varieties of Gossypium hirsutum L. cotton with the effect of four levels of nanoscale manure (0.10, 20.30 mg.l-1 and varieties are (Inglis, Cocker 310, Montana IK378,). The seeds of varieties were planted in Babil province, Al-Musayib project area using the experience of its workers according to the design of the full random sectors RCBD and three bis to study the characteristics of vegetable growth and the product and the qualitative qualities. The study showed that the inheritance rate is high for all the qualities studied for four concentrations of nanos manure except for the two qualities, the number of fruit branches and early plants was medium and achieved concentration of 10 mg. With a fiber intake, the expected genetic improvement achieved the highest value at a concentration of 10 mg.l-1 with a total of 37.08 liters, a plant with a walnut number. The values of the factor of appearance difference showed a difference between the qualities, with a concentration of 20 and 30 mg.l-1 of nanoscale manure are the highest variation factors for some qualities, reaching the highest (41.74), (34.86) plants with the number of walnuts in succession.

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A field experiment was carried in Agricultural Research Center in Latifia, Ministry of Science and Technology (20 km) south of Baghdad for the seasons 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 using seven genotypes of wheat using split plot with RCBD design and three replicates: 1. Significant differences for most traits studied in first season for Furat genotype, plant height, spike number /m2, branches number/m2 with 82.60 cm, 200.33, 217.66 for the first season, 96.26 cm, 179.66 and 194.66 for second season respectively. Genotype M9 was superior for yield 606.66 g /m2 for the first season, while in the second season the cultivar was superior to Furat with 618.33 g/m2. 2. The genetic variation was greater than the environment variation for most traits, indicating the greater role of genetic variation. The Heritability percentage was high for branches number /plant and medium for the rest of the traits. The genotypic and phenotypic variation coefficient were the average values for most traits while the genetic yield was high for M8, M12 and Tmoz3 The M11, M10 and M8 genotypes were highest Hemostasis for two environment . Key words: Wheat, Genetic variation, genotype.

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SUMMARY. A field experiment was carried out during the agricultural season 2020-2021 in Babil Governorate / Hilla district in one of the vegetable farms to find out the effect of the variety and the Nano-organic fertilizer in Rocket leaves content of some secondary metabolism compounds. A factorial experiment was applied according to Block Complete Randomized Design, and it included two factors, the first three varieties of Rocket (Egyptian, Syrian and local), the second factor is spraying the Nano-organic fertilizer with four concentrations (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4) L ha-1. Some of the active ingredients by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The results showed the superiority of Egyptian variety on other varieties alone and interaction with the concentration of 3 of organic Nano fertilizer in all studied compounds, and the interaction between them recorded the highest means of euric acid, jaconine, dehydrojcoline and erucifoline, amounting to (459.0, 1006.13, 408.3 and 394.40) ppm respectively, while Syrian variety had recorded lowest means (260.3, 896.10, 315.1 and 318.76) ppm respectively. RESUMEN. Se llevó a cabo un experimento de campo durante la temporada agrícola 2020-2021 en la gobernación de Babil / distrito de Hilla en una de las granjas de hortalizas para averiguar el efecto de la variedad y el fertilizante nanoorgánico en el contenido de hojas de rúcula de algunos compuestos del metabolismo secundario. Se aplicó un experimento factorial según Diseño Completamente Aleatorio en Bloques, el cual incluyó dos factores, las tres primeras variedades de Rocket (egipcia, siria y local), el segundo factor es la aspersión del fertilizante Nano-orgánico con cuatro concentraciones (0, 1, 2, 3 y 4) L.ha-1. Algunos de los ingredientes activos por el método cromatográfico de cromatografía líquida de alto rendimiento (HPLC). Los resultados mostraron la superioridad de la variedad egipcia sobre otras variedades solas y la interacción con la concentración de 3 de fertilizante orgánico Nano en todos los compuestos estudiados, y la interacción entre ellos registró las medias más altas de ácido eurico, jaconina, dehidrojcolina y erucifolina, que ascienden a (459.0, 1006.13, 408.3 y 394.40) ppm respectivamente, mientras que la variedad Siria registró las medias más bajas (260.3, 896.10, 315.1 y 318.76) ppm, respectivamente

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The research was carried out in Babil Governorate / the project area, which is 42 km from the center of Babil Governorate. The cultivation was carried out in 4/2/2020 and the harvest was done on 9/5/2020. For the purpose of studying the performance evaluation of three potato genotypes (HERMOSA, SIFRA and ALVERSTONE) under the influence of bio-fertilizers (Mycorrhizal fungi (MY) and Azotobacter (AZ)) and organic (ITALPOLLINA chickens) at eight levels (0, I, MY, AZ, MY* I, AZ*I, MY+AZ and (MY+AZ)*I) using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications, and a total of (72) experimental units divided into eight environments to perform genetic calculations. The results are as follows: 1- High values of genetic variance compared to environmental variance for all traits. The characteristic of the leaf area of the plant (cm2. Plant-1) gave the highest genetic, environmental and phenotypic variance for the two seasons and for all eight environments. 2- The values of the genetic variation coefficients (G.C.V.) and phenotypic (P.C.V.) range from medium to high for most traits for all eight environments, due to the higher values of genetic and phenotypic deviation for these traits than the average trait, except for some traits where they were low. This is because the variance is small for these characteristics, which led to the lack of deviation, and therefore the coefficient of variation was of a low value. 3- High percentage of heritability in the broad sense (H2BS%) for all traits and all environments. The high values of heritability in the broad sense of the above traits are attributed to the high values of genetic variance compared to environmental variance, and this indicates that genetic structures transfer their good traits from one generation to another at very high rates with little impact on the environment.

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