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Drought is one of the abiotic stress that affecting on plants growth and productivity. This study was conducted to examine the effects of water stress on seedlings growth of two varieties, luzdeotono (Spanish) and local variety of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) by using mannitol (0%, 10%, 20% and 30%) and PEG-4000 (0%, 10%, 20% and 30%). The results showed that root length, protein content decreased with increasing mannitol and PEG-4000 concentrations, whereas proline content, dry weight and enzymes activities of catalase (CAT), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), increased with increasing of mannitol and PEG-4000 concentrations compared to the control (distilled water), but the local variety had a higher in the studied traits and it was considered more tolerant than luzdeotono to drought stress.

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Acacia leprosa is difficult- to- root cuttings, Acacia cyanophylla L. is slightly hard-to-root cuttings in absence of supplied auxin. However, improvement of root ability of Acacia leprosa cuttings involved employment of four treatments (distilled water, IBA , Ascorbic acid (AsA) and (AsA in combination with IBA) and the results revealed the followings AsA alone is the best treatment that caused (induced) rooting and increased vegetative traits when supplied individually rather than in combination whit IBA of difficult-to- root cuttings (Acacia leprosa). AsA when supplied individually (alone) increased to 20.00 % of rooting percentage ,average of roots number/ cutting (21.76) , length (18.80 cm), branches number /cutting(4.93) and length (15.67 cm) in Acacia leprosa, compared to distilled water treatment that developed (0.00 %) for all traits (dead cuttings ).In addition , IBA when supplied in combination with AsA ,reduced rooting percentage into 0.00% in Acacia leprosa and 26.67 % in Acacia cyanophylla L. In contrast, with Acacia cyanophylla L, all treatments (except distilled water) that have been tested were stimulated rooting whether individually or in combination with IBA , at rate higher than Acacia leprosa. However, the maximum rooting percentage was found with AsA when supplied individually (66.67%). Furthermore, the discussion was focused on considering AsA as anti-oxidant by activating the electronic conjugation system and its role in AsA –GSH cycle. Collectively, AsA inducing rooting response by increasing IAA level via inhibiting IAA- oxidase or GH3 enzyme activity.

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Salt stress is a major limiting factor for the growth and productivity of plants worldwide. This factorial experiment within a randomized complete block design with three replications was carried out to study the influence of foliar spray with three levels of silicon (K2 SiO3 ) (0, 100, and 200 mg .L-1) on the effect of four concentrations of water salinity (1.6 ,3 , 6 , and 9 dS/m-1) in two olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars (Bashiki and Shami). Most of the seedling cultivars were one-year-old. The results showed that the Bashiki cultivars were significantly better than Shami by giving the best values for the height of the seedlings, leaves number, and percentage of the mineral element. It was observed that treatment with 9 dS/m-1 is negatively influenced in the two varieties in vegetative properties and the percentage of N, P, K but an increase of sodium, chloride, and proline in leaves. Moreover, treatment of silicon (100 mg L-1) reduced the salinity effects on the olive seedlings. The results of the interaction between the study factors showed that plants treated with the combination of (1.6 dS/m-1+ silicon (100 mg L-1)) led to an increase in all studied trait. We found considerable differences between the two cultivars. silicon treatments can reduce the reverse effects of salinity on olive cultivars.

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Abstract: L is a medicinal and ornamental shrub that tolerates poor environmental conditions where its leaves contain Nerium oleander glycosides Cardic Oleandrin, Nirin, Adilnerin. In this study, two cultivars of Nerium seedlings (white and pink) at the age of one year were used to study the effect of spraying licorice root extract concentration (0, 3, 6) g.L and seaweed extract concentration (0, 4, 8) ml.L in content active -1 -1substances, The results showed that the pink cultivar was significantly excelled in the leaves content of (alkaloids 12.75%, leaves content of phenols 18.59%, tannins 10.27% and saponins 20.64%) compared to the white cultivar that recorded (12.41%, 18.29%, 10.05% 20.48%), respectively. While the white cultivar excelled (the percentage of protein in leaves 15.91%). Where, licorice extract at 6 g.L and seaweed -1extract at 8 ml.L significantly affected all studied traits. The interaction between pink cultivar + licorice extract at 6 g.L and pink cultivar + -1 -1seaweed extract at 8 ml.L excelled in all studied traits except for the leaves content of the protein, while the interaction between licorice -1 extract at 6 g.L + seaweed extract at 8 ml.L had the values of all studied traits. The interaction treatment between licorice extract and -1 -1 seaweed and the triple interaction between the study factors had a significant effect on all studied traits.

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ملخص البحث :

The study was conducted in the plastic house of the Department of Plant Production Techniques, Al- Mussaib Technical College in the northern Babylon province during the agricultural season 2018-2019, To study the effect of Proline Acid at a concentration (0, 75, 150) ml.L-1 and potassium (K2SO4) at a concentration (1,500,3000) mg.L-1 and interaction between him on Growth and Production of Strawberries under Water Stress. The experiment also including the seedlings to water stress (industrial) by using three concentrations of polyethylene glycol (0,50,100) g.L-1. The experiment was conducted according to the Complete Randomized Blocks Design with three replications, The averages were compared using the lowest significant difference (LSD) at a probability level of 0.05. The results were as follows: The treatment of Prolenic acid spraying at a concentration (150 ml.L-1) and potassium at a concentration (3000 mg.L-1) resulted in an increase in all vegetative growth indicators, while polyethene glycol 100 g.L-1 treatment caused a decrease in all studied traits. The triple interaction treatment (Proline 150ml. L-1 + Potassium 3000g. L-1 + Glycol 75g.L-1) led to an increase the number of flowers and the number of fruits and reduced the effects of water stress.

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A factorial experiment was conducted according to The Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in a private nursery in the north of Babil Governorate / Sadat district of India to know the effect of the cultivars(Manzanillo and Bashiqa) with a symbol (A1, A2) and three dates for planting cuttings (15 T2, 15 K1, 15 K2) and a symbol for them (T1, T2, T3) and some chemical treatments which are the control treatment (distilled water), growth regulator IBA (4000 mg.L-1), ascorbic acid (AsA) (750 mg.L-1), sucrose (60 g.L-1) 1) 100% honey, Licorice root extract (6 g.L-1), combination (IBA + licorice root extract + ascorbic acid), combination (honey + ascorbic acid + licorice root extract) and their symbol (C0, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7) respectively in the rooting and growth of the olive cuttings, and after the end of the experiment, the results were as follows: Manzanillo cultivar, first date, and treatment (A1T2C6) were excelled in most of the studied traits.

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AbstractA factorial experiment was carried out according to a Completely RandomizedDesign (CRD under the plastic tunnel) to study the effect of three cutting dates(15 November, 15 December and 15 January) and eight rooting stimulatingtreatments which are indolebutyric acid (IBA 4000 mg L-1) and citric acid.Ascorbic (AsA) 750 mg L-1, sucrose 6%, honey 100%, licorice root extract 6gm L-1, combination (AsA + IBA + market licorice root extract), combination(AsA + honey + licorice root extract), comparison treatment (The addition ofdistilled water only) to rooting and cuttings of two olive cultivars (Manzanillo,Bashiqa) and the results of the statistical analysis showed the superiority of theManzanillo cultivar and the planting date of October 15th in most of thestudied traits, and the combination (IBA + AsA + licorice root extract)recorded the highest percentage of rooting and addition. The triple interactionbetween the study factors showed the superiority of the treatment (Bashiqavariety + first date + combination (IBA + AsA + licorice root extract) in mostof the studied traits, especially the rooted cuttings percentage, which reached91.67% and this is a very high percentage compared to by studying

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This study was conducted in the Collage of Education for Pure Sciences at the University of Karbala as a part of series of isolation and diagnosis of fungi associated with historical manuscripts in the Center for the maintenance and restoration of manuscripts and the care of researchers for the period from /2018 to 2019, at the holy shrine of Hussein in the city of Karbala. In order to preserve the manuscripts and the use of zinc nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles to control the fungi that cause damage to the manuscripts and described as an additive to the restoration paste. The fungi were diagnosed molecularly by PCR method and were represented by seven fungi registered for the first time in Iraq in general and on the manuscripts in particular. They are Alternaria atra , Aspergillus ustus, Cladosporium exasperatum, Chaetomium globosum, Microdochium nivale , 1- Penicillium tardochrysogenum , 2- Penicillium tardochrysogenum . It was registered at the Genbank World Bank. The Blast program was used to identify the genetic tree of the detected fungi as well as to determine the relationship of homology to international isolates. All seven fungi recorded in the World GeneBank recorded an effect with silver nanoparticles and zinc nanoparticles . Alternaria atra and Penicillium tardochrysogenum1 had the highest inhibition rate of 10 mm fungal colony diameter, when treated with 25 mg L-1 zincnanoparticle maixed with PDA, which did not significantly differ from Microdochium nivale and 1-Penicillium tardochrysogenum. Alternaria atra and 2-Penicillium tardochrysogenum , showed the highest inhibition rate of fungal colony diameter of 13.33 mm when treated with 25 mg L -1 nanoparticles of PDA. Microscopic examination of fungal hypha showed that they had an effect on nanocomposites with increasing concentration of nanomaterial. This effect ranges from the complete destruction of the fungal hypha and its explosion, especially in high concentrations of nanomaterials, to the aggregation of fungal cell protoplasm, especially in medium concentrations of nanomaterials, or deviation in the course of the fungus hypha keep away from the toxic substance by agglomeration in a certain place of the microscopic space under examination, especially in low concentrations, as well as reduction of conidia either small size or deformation depending on the type of fungus and the concentration of nanomaterials. Tests of samples taken from smears from old manuscripts after treatment with the high concentration of 25 mg per liter of paste prepared for the purpose of restoration of each individual zinc or silver nanoparticles were reduced by the number of fungi compared to the manuscript before restoration.

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ملخص البحث :

This study was conducted in the lathhouse of the Department of Plant Production Techniques /Musayyib Technical College during the period from 1/9/2021 to 1/6/2022 to study the effect ofbiofertilization and spraying with nano-fertilizer and gibberellin on the growth of Aloe vera plants.The experiment included three factors, three levels of biofertilization (without addition,azotobacter, mycorrhiza) and their symbols (E0, E1, E2) respectively, and spraying with nano ironfertilizer in three concentrations (0, 1500, 3000) mg L-1 and symbolizing them (Fe0, Fe1, Fe2)respectively, and gibberellin in three concentrations (0, 150, 300) mg L-1 and symbolizing them(G0, G1, and G2).The experiment was conducted as a factorial experiment according toRandomized Complete Blocks Design (R.C.B.D) with three replications and the averages werecompared according to the least significant difference (L.S.D) test under the 5% probability level,and the results were as follows: The treatments of the addition of azotobacter and spraying withnano iron concentration of 3000 mg L-1 and gibberellin concentration of 300 mg L-1 weresignificantly excelled in all studied traits. It also caused the bi-interaction (mycorrhizal + nano iron3000 mg L-1), (Mycorrhizae + gibberellin 300 mg L-1) and (Nano iron 3000 mg L-1 + gibberellin300 mg L-1) and the triple interaction between the study factors (mycorrhizalgia + nano iron 3000mg L-1 + gibberellin 300 mg L-1) was a significant increase in most of the studied traits.